Background: Little is known about the possible role that smoking crack cocaine has on the
incidence of HIV infection. Given the increasing use of crack cocaine, we sought to examine …

PURPOSE: Previous studies have examined the practices of injecting drugs or smoking
crack cocaine as high-risk, but independent, factors for HIV transmission. To explore the …

The association between cocaine use (crack and injection cocaine) and risky behaviors for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was investigated among participants in a …

Objectives: The explosive and ongoing injecting drug use-related HIV-1 epidemic in
Vancouver continues to receive international attention. This study was conducted to …

Background: Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases among users of noninjection
drugs prompt speculation that crack cocaine users who do not inject are at particularly high …

Background and Methods The smoking of “crack” cocaine is thought to be associated with
high-risk sexual practices that accelerate the spread of infection with the human …

OBJECTIVES:: We estimated prevalence and identified correlates of crack-cocaine injection
among young injection drug users in the United States. METHODS:: We analyzed data from …

To examine whether recent intravenous use of cocaine might be associated with increased
risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, the authors studied 2,597 active …

OBJECTIVES: This study examined in greater detail the authors' previously reported finding
that crack use among injection drug users is associated with lower levels of infection with the …

In a survey of 424 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) of whom 107 were currently enrolled in a
methadone maintenance program (MMP), we assessed risk behaviors for Human …