Thomas McGinn and colleagues1 suggest in Table 1 that values for the kappa statistic range
from 0 to 1. However, negative values of kappa are also possible. 2 Although unusual in …

Method: We adopted the sample size formula provided by Flack and colleagues (1988) to
calculate the minimum sample sizes required using PASS software. The power is pre …

The kappa statistic is a widely used measure for quantifying agreement between raters
using nominal scales. It is advocated on the grounds that it “corrects” for a level of …

Dear Editor: Multirater kappa statistics are relatively underused by pathologists to study
interobserver agreement [1, 3]. While several methods are available for measuring …

The measurement of intra-observer agreement when the data are categorical has been the
subject of several investigators since Cohen first proposed the kappa (κ) as a chance …

En cualquier estudio de investigación una cuestión clave es la fiabilidad de los
procedimientos de medida empleados. Como señala Fleiss (1) en el contexto de los …

Iapplaud Farrah Mateen1 for cri-tiquing, among other things, the money-paved road to
medical school. Fees for my med school applications this year exceeded $1000. If I receive …

In the medical sciences, studies are often designed to assess the agreement between
different raters or different instruments. The kappa coefficient is a popular index of …

Hoehler has recently discussed the effects of bias and prevalence on Cohen's kappa index
of agreement. He proposed an adjustment to kappa, using the observed odds ratio (OR). I …

Agreement Statistics: Kappa Coefficients in Medical Research Page 1 1.3 Agreement Statistics
TUTORIAL IN BIOSTATISTICS Kappa coe cients in medical research Helena Chmura …