Caffeine is the most widely consumed centralnervous-system stimulant. Three main
mechanisms of action of caffeine on the central nervous system have been described …

Caffeine is a natural constituent of more than 60 plant species and as such is present in the
human diet through drinks based on plant extracts. It has also been used as a flavoring …

Acutely administered caffeine modestly increases blood pressure, plasma catecholamine
levels, plasma renin activity, serum free fatty acid levels, urine production, and gastric acid …

Concerns over gestational effects on the disposition of drugs has highlighted the need for a
better understanding of drug distribution and elimination during pregnancy. This study …

Aims Pregnant women are usually not part of the traditional drug development programme.
Pregnancy is associated with major biological and physiological changes that alter the …

With itiorc than n century of history in the field of chemistry, in (? phiirmacology [11, caffeine
could be expected to have a fairly wcli-tiefi11cd and comprehensive profile. However, far …

The teratogenic effect of caffeine has been clearly demonstrated in rodents. The sensitivity of
different animals species is variable. Malformations have been demonstrated in mice at 50 …

This review provides a brief overview of known information on the human toxicity of
theobromine and paraxanthine. Theobromine has some pharmacological effects, although …

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs are dependent on numerous factors that
influence their disposition. A dose that is efficacious and safe for one individual may result in …

While there are several comprehensive reviews on the toxic effects of methylxanthines in
animals, data on the toxicity of these chemicals in humans has not been extensively …