Background Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important construct which has health
implications for older adults. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a judgement-based frailty tool …

Background It is a well-described clinical phenomenon that females live longer than males,
yet tend to experience greater levels of co-morbidity and disability. Females can therefore be …

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of current exercise interventions for the
management of frailty. Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled …

The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological
function is being continuously diminished. There is a range between two distinct phenotypes of …

Objectives Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and
muscle mass, occurs in approximately 6 - 22 % of older adults. This paper presents evidence-…

… Author Contributions: Olga Theou conceived the article, conducted the analyses, and wrote
the final draft. Thomas D. Brothers assisted with data analysis and writing of the final draft. …

The key idea behind the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is that, as people age, they are more
likely to have things wrong with them. Those things they have wrong (health deficits) can, as …

We conducted a systematic review to determine variability in how the criteria of the frailty
phenotype (grip strength, weight loss, exhaustion, walking speed, physical activity) were …

The two most commonly employed frailty measures are the frailty phenotype and the frailty
index. We compared them to examine whether they demonstrated common characteristics of …

Although many common diseases occur mostly in old age, the impact of ageing itself on
disease risk and expression often goes unevaluated. To consider the impact of ageing requires …