The task of developing ESC Guidelines covers not only the integration of the most recent
research, but also the creation of educational tools and implementation programmes for the …

After publication, dissemination of the message is of paramount importance. Pocket-sized
versions and personal digital assistant (PDA) downloadable versions are useful at the point of …

Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator) (Netherlands), P.
Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor …

for digital applications (smartphones, etc.). These versions are abridged and thus, for more
detailed information, the user should always access to the full text version of the guidelines, …

BACKGROUND: Stroke remains a devastating complication after cardiac surgical procedures
despite advances in perioperative monitoring and management. The purpose of this study …

Background— To evaluate initial multicenter results with minimally invasive transapical
aortic valve implantation (TAP-AVI) for high risk patients with aortic stenosis. Methods and …

Background. Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a serious complication of cardiac
operations performed by median sternotomy. We attempted to define the predictors of DSWI and …

Background Tricuspid regurgitation is common in patients with severe degenerative mitral
regurgitation. However, the evidence base is insufficient to inform a decision about whether to …

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is commonly present in the perioperative period in patients
undergoing cardiac surgery, even during administration of insulin. A direct relationship …

OBJECTIVE: The optimal diameter at which replacement of the ascending aorta should be
performed in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease is not known. METHODS: We …