Apoptotic programmed cell death pathways are activated by a diverse array of cell extrinsic
and intrinsic signals, most of which are ultimately coupled to the activation of effector …

Most cells constitutively secrete mitochondrial DNA and proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs).
While EVs are small vesicles that transfer material between cells, Mitochondria-Derived …

Apoptosis has an important role during development to regulate cell number. In differentiated
cells, however, activation of autophagy has a critical role by enabling cells to remain …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can elicit proapoptotic signalling that results in transmission
of Ca 2+ to the mitochondria, which in turn stimulates recruitment of the fission enzyme …

ContextA number of countries have implemented a policy of universal leukoreduction of their
blood supply, but the potential role of leukoreduction in decreasing postoperative mortality …

Neuronal cell loss associated with neurodegeneration has recently been linked to
mitochondrial dysfunction. Electron transport chain defects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

The abundant nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) synthesizes poly(ADP-ribose)
in response to DNA strand breaks. During almost all forms of apoptosis, PARP is …

Alterations in mitochondrial function, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases, lead to
disrupted energy metabolism and production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Here, we …

Regulated mechanisms of stem cell maintenance are key to preventing stem cell depletion
and aging. While mitochondrial morphology plays a fundamental role in tissue development …

The COVID-19 pandemic has major implications for blood transfusion. There are uncertain
patterns of demand, and transfusion institutions need to plan for reductions in donations and …