BackgroundSupervised injectable heroin (SIH) treatment has emerged over the past 15
years as an intensive treatment for entrenched heroin users who have not responded to …

Background Despite ongoing efforts aimed to improve treatment engagement for people with
substance-related disorders, evidence shows modest rates of utilization as well as client-…

Since the initial Swiss heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) study conducted in the mid-1990s,
several other jurisdictions in Europe and North America have implemented HAT trials. All of …

A five-category grading scheme for assessing the gross morphology of midsagittal sections
of the human lumbar intervertebral disc was developed. The ability of three observers to …

Context.—Clinical trials have established the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy with double-
and triple-drug regimens for individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)…

Objective: To describe prevalence and incidence of HIV-1, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and risk
behaviours in a prospective cohort of injecting drug users (IDU). Setting: Vancouver, which …

Background. Osteoporosis develops in women with estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea
who lose bone at an accelerated rate. It Is not known to what extent bone loss differs between …

Context.—In British Columbia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons eligible
for antiretroviral therapy may receive it free but the extent to which HIV-infected injection …

Background. Advances in molecular genetics have led to the development of tests that can
predict the risk of inheriting the genes for several adult-onset diseases. However, the …

Objectives: The explosive and ongoing injecting drug use-related HIV-1 epidemic in Vancouver
continues to receive international attention. This study was conducted to determine how …