Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy in
children and adolescents. Infrequently, children with PTC may present with or develop …

Purpose Choledochal cysts have traditionally been treated as an open procedure. However,
recent publications from some large volume centres show that minimally invasive surgery …

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Laparoscopic resection of choledochal cysts and
hepaticojejunostomy have been described in children since 1995, but these can be technically …

Calcium homeostasis depends on multiple interacting organ systems (Figure 1). The
parathyroid glands sense hypocalcemia via membrane-bound receptors and rapidly generate …

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disease of the joints characterized by idiopathic focal
subchondral lesions. Aggrecan, a proteoglycan encoded by the ACAN gene, is important for …

Objective To evaluate the impact of the Diabetes Coach Program (DCP) on glycated hemoglobin
(A1C) levels in youth with type 1 diabetes. The youth were referred to and participated …

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The Adriamycin rat model is an established model for vertebral,
anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal, and limb (VACTERL) anomalies and …

Background Significant disparity exists in the United Kingdom between the need for organ
transplant and supply of deceased donor organs. In the recent years, efforts to increase …

Purpose Inspissated bile syndrome (IBS) is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice in neonates
and infants with several treatment options reported. We present our experience with the use …

PURPOSE: Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux has become
an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical intervention in …