Objectives This study aims to (1) elucidate whether the Hawthorne effect exists, (2) explore
under what conditions, and (3) estimate the size of any such effect. Study Design and Setting …

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was developed to
improve the reporting of randomised controlled trials. It was initially published in 1996 and …

Background Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials
where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This …

… Diana R Elbourne, professor of health care evaluation2, … In: Campbell MJ, Donner A,
Elbourne D, eds. Design and analysis of cluster randomized trials. Stat Med 2001; 20: 473–88 …

The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement, including a checklist
and a flow diagram, was developed to help authors improve their reporting of randomized …

The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement, which includes a
checklist and a flow diagram, is a guideline developed to help authors improve the reporting …

Background A commonly reported problem with the conduct of multicentre randomised
controlled trials (RCTs) is that recruitment is often slower or more difficult than expected, with …

The role of observational studies in the evaluation of treatments is a long-standing and
contentious topic. In this issue of the Journal, Concato et al. and Benson and Hartz 3 report that …

Objectives: To identify factors associated with good and poor recruitment to multicentre trials.
Data sources: Part A: database of trials started in or after 1994 and were due to end before …

OBJECTIVE--To compare the effects on fetal and maternal morbidity of routine active
management of third stage of labour and expectant (physiological) management, in particular to …