… Caffeine also failed to produce reinforcing effects of “liking” and “wanting more” at any dose,
contrary to d-amphetamine. The effects of caffeine have mostly been studied using a single …

Guanine-based purines have been traditionally studied as modulators of intracellular
processes, mainly G-protein activity. However, they also exert several extracellular effects not …

… The therapeutic effect of glycine, d-cycloserine, d-serine and sarcosine are targeted to
increase NMDA activity, and as noted earlier, treatment with low-dose NMDA (which would …

Consumption of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, was found to be inversely
associated with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, caffeine protects cultured …

… Cells were then seeded at a density of 1.5 × 10 5 cells cm −2 in a 96-well multiwell dish
coated with 10 μg ml −1 poly-D-lysine and incubated in Eagle's basal medium supplemented …

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a promising model organism to study development,
toxicology, pharmacology, and neuroscience, among other areas. Despite the increasing …

There is growing interest in zebrafish as a model organism in behavioral pharmacology
research. Several anxiety behaviors have been characterized in zebrafish, but the effect of …

Long-term exposure to low levels of organophosphate pesticides (OP) may produce
neuropsychiatric symptoms. We performed clinical, neuropsychiatric, and laboratory evaluations of …

We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that high-numerical-aperture (NA) optical
microscopy is accompanied by strong spin-orbit interaction of light, which translates fine …

We present a general theory of spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion of light in
focusing, scattering, and imaging optical systems. Our theory employs universal geometric …