The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many types
of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, aneurysms …

Standard therapy forms the basic foundation for care of dogs with glomerular disease, as it is
herein recommended for use in all affected animals regardless of causation of the disease …

It has been almost 5 years since the publication of the 2010 hypertension guidelines of the
Taiwan Society of Cardiology (TSOC). There is new evidence regarding the management of …

This new algorithm for the comprehensive management of persons with type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) has been developed to provide clinicians with a practical guide that …

Proteinuria is a negative prognostic indicator for both dogs and cats with chronic kidney
disease. In dogs with chronic kidney disease, an initial urine protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the established cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-
2. However, it is unclear whether ACE1 inhibitors (eg, lisinopril) or angiotensin receptor …

The two major classes of drugs that target the RAS are the angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors and the selective AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs). Although both of these …

Aims To assess, according to age groups, patients' characteristics according to region of
origin, the chronic therapeutic management, prognostic utility of clinical variables, and …

Background. Hypertension management is of a paramount importance in diabetic patients
for cardiovascular risk reduction. Aim. To evaluate prescribing pattern of antihypertensive in …

Background Ambulatory care–sensitive conditions have been described as those that (if
appropriately managed in an outpatient setting) generally do not require subsequent …