Background Few studies have prospectively and systematically explored the factors that
acutely precipitate exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with left ventricular …

Heart failure remains a common diagnosis, especially in older individuals. It continues to be
associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but major advances in both diagnosis …

Objective To evaluate the relation between adherence to drug therapy, including placebo,
and mortality. Design Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources Electronic …

Methods Our objective was to assess the validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS)
in a sample referred for CGA (Table 1). All patients aged 65+ years were approached …

Hypertension Canada provides annually updated, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis,
assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. This year, …

Background Despite clear evidence for the efficacy of lowering cholesterol levels, there is a
deficiency in its real-world application. There is a need to explore alternative strategies to …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing public health problem associated with significant morbidity
and mortality. Numerous randomized controlled trials of warfarin have conclusively …

Background— Hypertension control rates remain suboptimal. Pharmacists’ scope of practice
is evolving, and their position in the community may be ideal for improving hypertension …

Background : Despite the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with hypertension,
diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking, these risk factors remain poorly identified and controlled…

OBJECTIVE—Metformin is considered contraindicated in patients with heart failure because
of concerns over lactic acidosis, despite increasing evidence of potential benefit. The aim of …