A male bias in mortality has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic, which is consistent with the
pathogenesis of other viral infections. Biological sex differences may manifest themselves …

Purpose of Review This review will outline the multilevel effects of biological sex on HIV
acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment response, and prospects for cure. Potential mechanisms …

Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in women are lower early
in untreated HIV-1 infection compared with those in men, but women have higher T-cell …

Background Males experience increased severity of illness and mortality from severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with females, but the …

. On the distinctions between functional and affective citizenship, see:“The Functionality of
Citizenship,” Harvard Law Review (June),:–. This work employs …

Objective: To study the cytokine/chemokine profiles in response to HIV-1 viremia, and elucidate
the pathways leading to HIV-1-induced inflammation. Design/methods: Plasma levels of …

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), it does not cure Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) and discontinuation results in viral rebound. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are …

BACKGROUND HIV-1–infected CD4 + T cells contribute to latent reservoir persistence by
proliferating while avoiding immune recognition. Integration features of intact proviruses in …

WESTERN PROSTITUTES TRANSPLANTED to the colonial periphery in Asia staked out a
unique and enduring place in the sexual economy of modern empires. As early as the mid-…

Purpose of Review Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies
had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex …