Conductive Education (CE)-based programmes have been introduced to Australia over the past 10 years. The aim of this project was to compare these programmes with traditional neurodevelopmental programmes of rehabilitation for young children (12 to 36 months, mean age 22 months 3 weeks) with cerebral palsy. Thirty-four children were matched by age, motor impairment, and cognitive ability and randomly allocated to CE-based or equivalent-intensity control programmes. Those unwilling to be randomized (32) were still studied but their outcomes were treated separately. Our results indicate that children involved in CE-based programmes made similar progress to those involved in traditional programmes. Statistically significant changes were spread among the four groups of subjects. The findings also endorsed the measures used and the expected maturational effect was detected. Although there were major difficulties in conducting this randomized trial, it was achieved by gathering parental and professional support, and adequate funding.