Nonmedical factors affecting obstetric decisions regarding abnormal labor were investigated in Maine, a rural state. Obstetricians were questioned about practice structure, hospital services, anesthesia support, and legal liability. Cesarean section rates specific for abnormal labor, based on hospital discharge summaries in the previous two years, correlated inversely with improved night coverage support, 24-hour blood bank availability, and more adequate anesthesia services. Neither the payment differential between vaginal and cesarean delivery nor previous legal liability were associated with increased cesarean rates for abnormal labor. We conclude that improved ancillary services may lead to lower dystocia-specific cesarean section rates.