The efficacy and safety of 15 mg midazolam versus 15 mg oxazepam were compared in a double-blind clinical trial in 61 aged hospitalized patients (mean age 82.5, range 69 to 96), suffering from moderate to severe insomnia. The study covered 8 nights, i.e., 1 placebo night followed by 5 treatment nights and 2 further placebo nights. Both drugs were equally effective with respect to total sleep time, number of nocturnal awakenings, quality of sleep, condition on awakening, patients' assessment and dreams. However, sleep latency was significantly shorter in the midazolam group, which was also rated significantly more favorably by the medical staff. Side effects were mild and similar in both groups. No rebound or carry-over effects were noted. Midazolam can be considered an effective and safe sleep inducer in aged patients.