Brief reportDecline of varicella vaccination in German surveillance regions after recommendation of separate first-dose vaccination for varicella and measles–mumps–rubella
Introduction
The German Advisory Committee on Vaccinations (STIKO) recommended routine varicella (V) vaccination for all children in 2004, with one dose at 11–14 months of age [1]. In July 2009, a two-dose schedule was recommended, with a second dose to be applied preferentially at 15–23 months of age, and for older children vaccinated only once [2]. In 2004, two trademarks of monovalent V vaccine were available in Germany [3]. A combined measles–mumps–rubella–varicella (MMRV) vaccine was available in 2006 but not generally reimbursed until 2009. MMR vaccination is already well accepted in Germany [4]; as the vaccination schedule for V was aligned with the MMR vaccination schedule, MMR uptake (either as MMR or MMRV) provides an estimate for V vaccination compliance.
After initial increase, first-dose V vaccination coverage in children up to 3 years of age had stagnated in the German Federal State of Bavaria at a level of about 50% during the period 2007–2009 [3]. Since 2009, the MMRV vaccine was increasingly used (in 86% of all first-dose vaccinations in 2011) [4], and first-dose coverage increased to 70–80% in Bavaria [4] and other German regions [5] until 2011.
However, compared to concomitant application of measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) and monovalent V vaccine at different injection sites, MMRV vaccines have been associated with a slightly increased risk of febrile seizures (approximately one additional febrile seizure per 2300 first-dose MMRV vaccinations) at a period of 5–12 days after first-dose vaccination, both for the MMRV vaccine used in the USA and for the one used in Germany [6], [7]. Hence, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the STIKO recommended concomitant but separate first dose vaccination for MMR and V in 2010 [6] and 2011 [7], respectively. For the use of MMRV in second-dose vaccinations the recommendations did not change, as no increased risk of febrile seizures had been observed.
We compared the frequency of vaccinations against V and MMR in paediatric practices during the year before and after the STIKO 2011 recommendation, within the frame of long-term regional surveillance in two regions of Bavaria (Bavarian Varicella Surveillance Project, BaVariPro [4]).
Section snippets
Methods
Paediatric practice surveillance was conducted in the area of Munich (MU; inhabited by 34,182 children <2 years of age in 2010 [8]) and of Würzburg (WÜ; inhabitated by 4515 children <2 years of age in 2010 [8]), from October 2010 to June 2011 (MU) and to September 2012 (WÜ), respectively. Practices provided monthly reports on the number and dose of V and MMR vaccinations, on the vaccine type used (monovalent V, MMR, or MMRV vaccine), on the age distribution of the vaccinated children
Results
In the MU area, on average 79 (60% of all) paediatric practices participated each month and provided a total of 1405 monthly reports (713 from October 2010 to June 2011 and 692 from October 2011 to June 2012). In the WÜ area, on average 14 (74% of all) practices provided a total of 326 monthly reports (170 from October 2010 to September 2011 and 156 from October 2011 to September 2012). A total of 13,314/3149 first-dose V vaccinations, 15,807/3750 second-dose V vaccinations and 2167/278 V cases
Discussion
The STIKO-recommendation of 2011 for separate but simultaneous first-dose application of V and MMR vaccination was implemented within a few weeks in both surveillance regions. However, the frequency of separate first-dose V vaccinations did not reach the prior level of combined first-dose MMRV vaccinations. The decrease in overall V first-dose vaccinations was significant in Munich (12%), but not in Würzburg (4%), indicating regional differences in V vaccination behaviour as already known for
Acknowledgements
We thank the participating paediatricians from Munich and Würzburg for providing the data, and Sabrina Hanke for data management. We thank Carine Cohen and Gunnar Kattenstroth (GSK) for comments on the manuscript.
Conflict of interest statement: The Bavarian Varicella Surveillance Project was financially supported by an unrestricted research grant from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines (Rixensart, Belgium) from 2006 to 2011. AS and JGL received further research grants, support for conference
References (13)
- et al.
Varicella vaccination coverage in Bavaria (Germany) after general vaccine recommendation in 2004
Vaccine
(2010) Robert-Koch-Institut: Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) am Robert Koch Institut/Stand: Juli 2004
Epidemiol Bull
(2004)Robert-Koch-Institut: Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) am Robert Koch Institut/Stand: Juli 2009
Epidemiol Bull
(2009)- et al.
Varicella routine vaccination and the effects on varicella epidemiology – results from the Bavarian Varicella Surveillance Project, 2006–2011
BMC Infect Dis
(2013) Robert-Koch-Institut: Evaluation der Varizellen-Impfempfehlung durch die STIKO
Epidemiol Bull
(2013)- et al.
Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
MMWR Recomm Rep
(2010)