Elsevier

Vaccine

Volume 30, Issue 16, 30 March 2012, Pages 2647-2653
Vaccine

Humoral immunity 10 years after booster immunization with an adolescent and adult formulation combined tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.013Get rights and content
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Abstract

Persistence of antibodies after a single dose of Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine) was evaluated in a follow-up study of adolescents (N = 324) and adults (N = 644) who had received Tdap in earlier clinical trials. Outcome measures were seroprotection (tetanus and diphtheria) or seropositivity (pertussis) and geometric mean concentrations. Humoral immune responses to all antigens were robust 1 month after initial immunization, decreased at subsequent measurements, but continued to exceed pre-immunization levels 1, 3, 5, and 10 years later.

Protective levels of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin persisted in 99.3% of adolescents 10 years after a booster dose of Tdap. Seropositivity to 1 or more pertussis antigens also persisted in most adolescents for 10 years. Although tetanus antitoxin responses were similar in adults to those observed in adolescents, diphtheria antitoxin titers were lower, reflecting the fact that a smaller proportion of adults had received diphtheria toxoid in the previous 10 years compared to adolescents. These data will contribute to the selection of the optimal interval for repeat doses of Tdap.

Highlights

► We examined protective responses 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after Tdap vaccination. ► In 99% of adolescents, anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus antibodies lasted 10 years. ► Seropositivity to ≥1 pertussis antigen persisted in most adolescents for 10 years. ► Adults responded to Tdap similarly to adolescents. ► Ten years is a reasonable interval for a Tdap vaccine booster dose.

Keywords

Pertussis
Vaccine
Serology

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