Adult urologyCosts of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in the United States: a comparative study☆
Section snippets
Estimation framework
To determine the costs of illness, we considered the direct, indirect, and intangible costs. Direct costs included routine care (ie, absorbent products and laundry), treatment, and consequence (eg, urinary tract infections). Indirect costs referred to lost productivity resulting from either a decrease in the probability of working or in the number of hours worked. Lost productivity also consisted of the value of an informal caregiver's time. We estimated these costs from statistical models
Costs of UI and OAB among community-dwelling adults
An estimated 17 million community dwelling persons had daily UI in 2000. The estimated number of people with OAB was considerably greater (34 million), but only 2.9 million of these people had incontinent episodes (ie, OAB wet). Women were more commonly affected with UI and OAB than men. An estimated 1.89 million institutional residents were older than 60 years, and about 50% (0.945 million) of these persons had incontinence. Of the 945,000 persons with UI, approximately 65% (614,250) had OAB
Comment
The costs associated with UI were $19.5 billion (year 2000 dollars), and the cost associated with OAB totaled $12.6 billion. Community-dwelling individuals incurred more than 70% of the costs for both conditions. The difference between the total UI ($19.5 billion) and OAB ($12.6 billion) costs was explained by two factors. First, although approximately 34 million community-dwelling adults in the United States have OAB, fewer than 2.9 million experienced an incontinent episode (OAB wet) compared
Acknowledgements
To Ron Corey for his professional input during the early period of this study.
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Funding for this study was provided by Pharmacia Corporation.
T.-W. Hu and T. H. Wagner served as paid consultants to the sponsor. J. D. Bentkover and K. LeBlanc received partial funding from the sponsor.
The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the University of California at Berkeley, the Department of Veterans Affairs, Stanford University, Innovative Health Solutions, Innovative Medical Research, Johns Hopkins University, or Pharmacia Corporation.