Original articleVenom immunotherapy: 10 years of experience with administration of single venoms and 50 μg maintenance doses
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Cited by (70)
Anaphylaxis to Stinging Insect Venom
2022, Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Mitigation strategies such as the use of EMI or the switch to a different manufacturer’s extracts are both feasible plans. Safety and efficacy of lowered MDs (eg, 50 μg) has been studied and shown to provide good efficacy in children, although the data in adults are conflicting.59–61 Other long-term strategies include improvement in diagnostics such as CRD to ensure that patients are only treated with extracts that are clinically relevant.
Venom Immunotherapy: Questions and Controversies
2020, Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North AmericaApproach to Patients with Stinging Insect Allergy
2020, Medical Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :There is no evidence that there is increased risk of adverse reactions with any specific protocol (other than ultrarush protocols, which can increase the risk of anaphylaxis during buildup dosing).77–80 The maintenance dose is 100 μg of each venom, although in young children there is some evidence that a dose of 50 μg of each venom may be as protective.81–83 Once patients reach maintenance dosing, they usually receive subcutaneous injections every 4 weeks for at least 1 year, then every 6 to 8 weeks for 2 to 3 years, and then every 12 weeks.
AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Venom Extract Shortage Task Force Report
2017, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and ImmunologyStinging insect hypersensitivity: A practice parameter update 2016
2017, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Consensus data on which venoms to include for immunotherapy are not available. In the opinion of some authors, applying a knowledge of venom cross-reactivity and insect identification, the extract used for VIT need only contain a single venom if the culprit is definitively known, despite positive skin or in vitro test results for other stinging insects.50,160 Other authors recommend that the treatment include venoms from all insects for which positive test results were obtained because of the potential for reaction to any venoms to which the patient is sensitized.161,162
Cytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic and mutagenic/antimutagenic effects of the venom of the wasp Polybia paulista
2013, ToxiconCitation Excerpt :We highlight, therefore, that it is very difficult to occur exposure to this concentration, since in a single sting of vespids it can be injected into the skin only about 20 μg of the venom. This concentration can, according to Reisman and Livingston (1992), be enough to trigger the sensitization process in human beings. However, from our results the concentration of 20 μg/mL did not induce high cytotoxicity for the exposed cells.