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Cited by (128)
Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk for osteoporosis
2020, Marcus and Feldman’s OsteoporosisPremenopausal Reproductive and Hormonal Characteristics and the Risk for Osteoporosis
2013, Osteoporosis: Fourth EditionEffects of the contraceptive patch and the vaginal ring on bone metabolism and bone mineral density: a prospective, controlled, randomized study
2010, ContraceptionCitation Excerpt :No significant change in mean BMI was observed over the 12-month study period in any group (Group A, 22.4±1.2 versus 22.3±0.4; Group B, 22.7±1.2 versus 21.9±0.7; Group C, 22.2±1.3 versus 21.9±0.9). COC use has been associated with increased cortical and trabecular bone mass and higher BMD in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women in some studies [12–17]. However, other studies did not find a positive effect of COCs on bone mass [18–22].
Multigenerational exposure to ethinyl estradiol affects bone geometry, but not bone mineral density in rats
2008, BoneCitation Excerpt :The role of estrogen in preventing post-menopausal bone loss is well established [7]; however, the effect of exogenous estrogenic compounds during growth or during early adulthood in the presence of endogenous estrogens remains controversial. Epidemiologic investigations in women evaluating a lifetime exposure find either no effect of oral contraceptives on bone mass [8–12], increased BMD [13–18], or decreased BMD [19]; as well as a decrease [20] or increase [21,22] in fracture risk. Prospective studies in young women taking estrogen-containing contraceptives have also revealed no change in BMD [23–28], increased BMD [29–32], or decreased BMD [33,34].
Premenopausal Reproductive and Hormonal Characteristics and the Risk for Osteoporosis
2008, Osteoporosis, Two-Volume Set