PCE category | Length of hospital stay, d, mean ± SD | p value | Duration of first PCE, d, mean ± SD | p value | Cost of first PCE, 2017 Can$, mean ± SD | p value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital harm | No hospital harm | Incremental | Hospital harm | No hospital harm | Incremental | Hospital harm | No hospital harm | Incremental | ||||
Pregnancy | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 35.0 ± 1.6 | 34.6 ± 2.0 | 0.3 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 | 6172 ± 896 | 5373 ± 909 | 800 ± 909 | < 0.001 |
Trauma | 25.0 ± 10.2 | 7.7 ± 2.9 | 17.3 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 | 82.0 ± 16.3 | 51.8 ± 11.6 | 30.2 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 | 70 556 ± 28 063 | 22 732 ± 8496 | 47 824 ± 13 732 | < 0.001 |
Mental health | 34.3 ± 12.8 | 10.1 ± 4.0 | 24.2 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 | 85.2 ± 23.7 | 58.0 ± 43.4 | 27.2 ± 42.9 | < 0.001 | 43 693 ± 16 913 | 25 679 ± 17 502 | 18 014 ± 17 481 | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 18.0 ± 5.7 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 11.5 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 | 62.9 ± 8.5 | 46.2 ± 4.5 | 16.7 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 | 48 775 ± 15 086 | 21 424 ± 4686 | 27 351 ± 6879 | < 0.001 |
Renal | 19.6 ± 7.9 | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 11.4 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 | 68.2 ± 12.6 | 52.7 ± 16.8 | 15.6 ± 16.4 | < 0.001 | 49 732 ± 18 458 | 23 421 ± 8406 | 26 311 ± 9913 | < 0.001 |
Planned surgical | 10.6 ± 3.0 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 51.0 ± 6.5 | 37.3 ± 3.7 | 13.6 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 | 35 406 ± 11 033 | 12 375 ± 2551 | 23 031 ± 3699 | < 0.001 |
Planned medical | 22.2 ± 7.7 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 15.5 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 | 75.8 ± 11.7 | 49.5 ± 11.6 | 26.3 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 | 51 719 ± 16 264 | 18 362 ± 5807 | 33 357 ± 6495 | < 0.001 |
Unplanned surgical | 22.4 ± 8.9 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 15.8 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 | 71.3 ± 13.2 | 46.2 ± 313.5 | 25.1 ± 294.1 | < 0.001 | 70 232 ± 28 108 | 19 164 ± 23 636 | 51 067 ± 24 216 | < 0.001 |
Unplanned medical | 19.4 ± 8.2 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 | 67.1 ± 17.5 | 47.9 ± 88.4 | 19.1 ± 86.3 | < 0.001 | 44 353 ± 19 146 | 16 909 ± 11 945 | 27 445 ± 12 396 | < 0.001 |
Note: PCE = person-centred episodes of care, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Incremental outcomes and p values are adjusted by all the covariates of interest (Appendix 1, available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.181621/-/DC1).