Covariate | % of households* | p value† | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (2007–2016) n = 3250 | Before launch (2007–2010) n = 1360 | Implementation with 1-year lag (2011–2013) n = 990 | After full implementation (2014–2016) n = 900 | ||
Household type‡ | |||||
Couple without children | 11 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 0.08 |
Couple with children§ | 48 | 47 | 46 | 51 | 0.1 |
Single person | 24 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 0.9 |
Single female parent§ | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 0.9 |
Other | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 0.7 |
Presence of child < 18 yr | 59 | 58 | 56 | 62 | 0.02 |
Respondent identified as Inuit | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | > 0.9 |
Household income,¶ mean ± SD, $ | 49 015 ± 47 325 | 46 895 ± 40 795 | 51 320 ± 49 165 | 49 690 ± 53 940 | 0.06 |
Household income ≤ LIM | 37 | 35 | 38 | 38 | 0.2 |
Imputed household income | 33 | 33 | 31 | 37 | 0.04 |
Main income source | |||||
Wage, salary and self-employment | 75 | 76 | 75 | 72 | 0.1 |
Social assistance | 10 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 0.2 |
Other | 15 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 0.3 |
Any social assistance** | 23 | 20 | 21 | 29 | < 0.001 |
Any employment insurance** | 8 | 6 | 8 | 10 | < 0.001 |
Any seniors’ income** | 11 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 0.001 |
Highest household education | |||||
Less than high school | 20 | 18 | 22 | 20 | 0.07 |
High school completed | 14 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 0.2 |
Postsecondary completed | 56 | 56 | 54 | 58 | 0.2 |
Missing | 10 | 13 | 8 | 8 | < 0.001 |
Household owns dwelling | 27 | 28 | 26 | 27 | 0.5 |
Respondent aged < 18 yr | 14 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 0.08 |
Note: LIM = low income measure, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless stated otherwise. Column percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
↵† Obtained from χ2 tests for proportions, or Wald tests for equality of means.
↵‡ All categories include other unrelated household members (e.g., couple without children alone or with others).
↵§ Includes children of all ages.
↵¶ Household income adjusted for household size by dividing by the square root of household size, and for inflation using the Consumer Price Index; expressed in 2007 constant dollars and rounded to the nearest 5 for presentation.
↵** Missing values grouped with the “no” category. All other covariates either had no missing values or had a “missing” category, or missing values were grouped with the “other” category.