Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | ASD† | |
---|---|---|---|
Female n = 16 162 | Male n = 6499 | ||
Demographics | |||
Age at surgery, yr, mean (± SD) | 84 (± 8) | 82 (± 8) | 0.25 |
Income quintile | |||
1 (lowest) | 3368 (20.8) | 1323 (20.4) | 0.01 |
2 | 3315 (20.5) | 1299 (20.0) | 0.01 |
3 | 3225 (20.0) | 1321 (20.3) | 0.01 |
4 | 3182 (19.7) | 1284 (19.8) | 0.00 |
5 (highest) | 3072 (19.0) | 1272 (19.6) | 0.02 |
Rural residence | 2066 (12.8) | 914 (14.1) | 0.04 |
Comorbidities | |||
Alcohol abuse | 236 (1.5) | 319 (4.9) | 0.19 |
Atrial arrhythmia | 1468 (9.1) | 808 (12.4) | 0.11 |
Blood-loss anemia | 3216 (20.0) | 1308 (20.1) | 0.00 |
Cardiac valve disease | 537 (3.3) | 284 (4.4) | 0.06 |
Coagulopathy | 351 (2.2) | 210 (3.2) | 0.06 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1746 (10.8) | 970 (14.9) | 0.12 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 723 (4.5) | 406 (6.3) | 0.08 |
Disease of pulmonary circulation | 413 (2.6) | 163 (2.5) | 0.01 |
Dementia | 3424 (21.2) | 1319 (20.3) | 0.02 |
Depression | 785 (4.9) | 296 (4.6) | 0.01 |
Deficiency anemia | 117 (0.7) | 44 (0.7) | 0.00 |
Diabetes mellitus without complications | 2183 (13.5) | 1013 (15.6) | 0.06 |
Diabetes mellitus with complications | 2139 (13.2) | 1304 (20.1) | 0.19 |
Dialysis | 163 (1.0) | 160 (2.5) | 0.11 |
Drug abuse | 61 (0.4) | 36 (0.6) | 0.03 |
Heart failure | 1858 (11.5) | 892 (13.7) | 0.07 |
Hemiplegia | 94 (0.6) | 65 (1.0) | 0.04 |
Hypertension without complications | 7310 (45.2) | 2869 (44.2) | 0.02 |
Hypertension with complications | 103 (0.6) | 76 (1.2) | 0.06 |
Liver disease | 134 (0.8) | 100 (1.5) | 0.07 |
Malignancy | 815 (5.0) | 679 (10.5) | 0.21 |
Metastasis | 234 (1.5) | 184 (2.8) | 0.09 |
Obesity | 250 (1.6) | 82 (1.3) | 0.03 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 221 (1.4) | 127 (2.0) | 0.05 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 323 (2.0) | 245 (3.8) | 0.11 |
Psychosis | 139 (0.9) | 54 (0.8) | 0.01 |
Renal disease | 544 (3.4) | 458 (7.1) | 0.17 |
Rheumatic disease | 238 (1.5) | 48 (0.7) | 0.70 |
Venous thromboembolism | 114 (0.7) | 65 (1.0) | 0.03 |
Weight loss | 482 (3.0) | 269 (4.1) | 0.06 |
Frailty | 10 699 (66.2) | 4257 (65.5) | 0.01 |
1-year mortality risk | |||
HOMR score, mean (± SD) | 39 (± 5) | 38 (± 5) | 0.20 |
Medications | |||
Anticoagulant | 2482 (15.4) | 1301 (20) | 0.12 |
Antiplatelet agent | 1231 (7.6) | 650 (10) | 0.08 |
Antipsychotic | 2047 (12.7) | 756 (11.7) | 0.03 |
Benzodiazepine | 3168 (19.6) | 937 (14.4) | 0.14 |
Opioid | 4043 (25.0) | 1634 (25.1) | 0.00 |
Dementia medication | 1429 (8.8) | 545 (8.4) | 0.01 |
Health care resource use | |||
Long-term care facility | 2845 (17.6) | 968 (14.9) | 0.07 |
Resource utilization band | |||
2 (lowest) | 145 (0.9) | 44 (0.7) | 0.02 |
3 | 2198 (13.6) | 518 (8.0) | 0.18 |
4 | 4170 (25.8) | 1176 (18.1) | 0.19 |
5 (highest) | 9649 (59.7) | 4761 (73.3) | 0.29 |
Procedure | |||
Implantation of internal device, hip joint | 6234 (38.6) | 2856 (44.0) | 0.11 |
Fixation, hip joint | 2863 (17.7) | 1111 (17.1) | 0.02 |
Fixation, femur | 7037 (43.5) | 2515 (38.7) | 0.10 |
Implantation of internal device, pelvis | 28 (0.2) | 17 (0.3) | 0.02 |