Characteristic | No. of infants with higher exposure to disinfectant, n (%)† n = 404 (53.4) | p value‡ | No. of infants with higher exposure to eco-friendly products, n (%)† n = 361 (47.7) | p value‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infant sex (n = 757) | ||||
Male (n = 415) | 224 (54.0) | 0.7 | 191 (46.0) | 0.3 |
Female (n = 342) | 180 (52.6) | 170 (49.7) | ||
Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (n = 737) | ||||
No (n = 455) | 231 (50.8) | 0.06 | 235 (51.6) | 0.01 |
Yes (n = 282) | 163 (57.8) | 118 (41.8) | ||
Maternal allergy (n = 742) | ||||
No (n = 270) | 146 (54.1) | 0.7 | 114 (42.2) | 0.02 |
Yes (n = 472) | 250 (53.0) | 241 (51.1) | ||
Term (37+ wk) delivery (n = 748) | ||||
No (n = 30) | 18 (60.0) | 0.5 | 15 (50.0) | 0.8 |
Yes (n = 718) | 381 (53.1) | 343 (47.8) | ||
Birth mode (n = 749) | ||||
Vaginal (n = 549) | 275 (50.1) | 0.02 | 272 (49.5) | 0.3 |
Cesarean-elective (n = 83) | 51 (61.4) | 37 (44.6) | ||
Cesarean-emergency (n = 117) | 73 (61.4) | 50 (42.7) | ||
Maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (n = 738) | ||||
No (n = 368) | 183 (49.7) | 0.047 | 178 (48.4) | 0.8 |
Yes (n = 370) | 211 (57.0) | 175 (47.3) | ||
Hospital admission after birth (n = 757) | ||||
No (n = 224) | 111 (49.6) | 0.2 | 125 (55.8) | 0.004 |
Yes (n = 533) | 293 (55.0) | 236 (44.3) | ||
Hospital readmission (n = 757) | ||||
No (n = 721) | 386 (53.5) | 0.7 | 339 (47.0) | 0.1 |
Yes (n = 36) | 18 (50.0) | 22 (61.1) | ||
Newborn antibiotic use (n = 673) | ||||
No (n = 649) | 346 (53.3) | 0.2 | 306 (47.1) | 0.4 |
Yes (n = 24) | 16 (66.7) | 9 (37.5) | ||
Infant antibiotic use by 3 mo (n = 720) | ||||
No (n = 322) | 160 (49.7) | 0.1 | 152 (47.2) | 0.9 |
Yes (n = 398) | 222 (55.8) | 189 (47.5) | ||
Infant diet (n = 755) | ||||
Not breastfed (n = 115) | 73 (55.8) | 0.02 | 37 (32.2) | 0.0001 |
Partially breastfed (n = 233) | 131 (56.2) | 109 (46.8) | ||
Exclusively breastfed (n = 407) | 200 (49.1) | 215 (52.8) | ||
Older siblings (n = 751) | ||||
No (n = 389) | 203 (52.2) | 0.4 | 183 (47.0) | 0.7 |
Yes (n = 362) | 199 (55.0) | 175 (48.3) | ||
Furry household pets (n = 755) | ||||
No (n = 208) | 101 (48.6) | 0.1 | 91 (43.8) | 0.2 |
Yes (n = 547) | 303 (55.4) | 270 (49.4) | ||
Household smoking (n = 755) | ||||
No (n = 646) | 335 (51.9) | 0.03 | 312 (48.3) | 0.5 |
Yes (n = 109) | 69 (63.3) | 49 (45.0) | ||
Maternal education (n = 737) | ||||
High school (n = 38) | 23 (60.5) | 0.1 | 7 (18.4) | 0.0001 |
College (n = 176) | 106 (60.2) | 75 (42.6) | ||
University (n = 523) | 265 (50.7) | 270 (51.6) | ||
Study centre (n = 757) | ||||
Edmonton (n = 246) | 160 (65.0) | 0.0001 | 108 (43.9) | 0.0001 |
Winnipeg (n = 167) | 83 (49.7) | 60 (35.9) | ||
Vancouver (n = 344) | 161 (46.8) | 193 (56.1) | ||
Overweight or obesity at 3 yr (n = 675) | ||||
No (n = 609) | 311 (51.5) | 0.1 | 301 (49.4) | 0.0001 |
Yes (n = 66) | 42 (63.6) | 17 (25.8) |