Baseline characteristics of the matched cohorts
| Characteristic | No. (%)* of participants n = 41 251 | Standardized mean difference | No. (%)* of participants n = 42 255 | Standardized mean difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With sepsis | Matched population control cohort | With sepsis | Matched hospital control cohort | |||
| Male sex | 24 436 (59.2) | 24 436 (59.2) | 0 | 24 976 (59.1) | 24 976 (59.1) | 0 |
| Age, mean ± SD; yr | 67.73 ± 17.59 | 67.95 ± 17.73 | −0.01 | 67.28 ± 17.83 | 66.44 ± 18.43 | 0.05 |
| Preadmission comorbidity | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 2437 (5.9) | 2446 (5.9) | −0.0009 | 2360 (5.6) | 1923 (4.5) | 0.04 |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 268 (24.9) | 10 453 (25.3) | −0.01 | 10 204 (24.1) | 7613 (18.0) | 0.15 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4718 (11.4) | 5046 (12.2) | −0.02 | 4722 (11.18) | 3650 (8.6) | 0.08 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 631 (37.9) | 15 058 (36.5) | 0.03 | 15 489 (36.7) | 12 294 (29.1) | 0.16 |
| Dementia | 5460 (13.2) | 5112 (12.4) | 0.03 | 5468 (12.9) | 3400 (8.05) | 0.16 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 22 027 (53.4) | 22 460 (54.4) | −0.02 | 22 248 (52.7) | 20 900 (49.5) | 0.06 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 1721 (4.2) | 2048 (5.06) | −0.04 | 1748 (4.1) | 1455 (3.4) | 0.03 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 20 562 (49.8) | 21 538 (52.2) | −0.05 | 20 646 (48.9) | 20 281 (48.0) | 0.01 |
| Mild liver disease | 16 160 (39.2) | 16 877 (40.9) | −0.04 | 16 191 (38.3) | 15 107 (35.8) | 0.05 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 15 495 (37.6) | 15 210 (36.9) | 0.01 | 15 523 (36.7) | 12 797 (30.3) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 6947 (16.8) | 6914 (16.8) | 0.002 | 6947 (16.4) | 4673 (11.1) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 4191 (10.2) | 4384 (10.6) | −0.02 | 4180 (9.9) | 2796 (6.6) | 0.11 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 7960 (19.3) | 8176 (19.8) | −0.01 | 7908 (18.7) | 5537 (13.1) | 0.15 |
| Chronic renal disease | 8469 (20.5) | 8060 (19.5) | 0.02 | 8281 (19.6) | 7611 (18.0) | 0.04 |
| Leukemia and lymphoma | 1449 (3.5) | 1032 (2.5) | 0.06 | 1382 (3.3) | 1198 (2.8) | 0.02 |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 2041 (4.9) | 2061 (5.0) | −0.002 | 1900 (4.5) | 1989 (4.7) | −0.01 |
| AIDS or HIV | 63 (0.1) | 63 (0.1) | 0 | 61 (0.1) | 54 (0.1) | 0.004 |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless specified otherwise.