Comparisons of incidence and hazard ratios of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in patients with different subtypes of critical illness compared with those without critical illness in the propensity score–matched cohorts
| Variable | No. of events | Person-years | Rate* | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute kidney injury | |||||
| Critical illness | |||||
| None | 23 | 76 747 | 3.00 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Septicemia, septic shock | 42 | 34 889 | 12.0 | 4.09 (2.46–6.80) | 4.93 (2.91–8.35) |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 0 | 2368 | 0.00 | – | – |
| Ischemic stroke | 10 | 24 472 | 4.09 | 1.37 (0.65– 2.89) | 1.22 (0.57–2.63) |
| AMI | 1 | 2623 | 3.81 | 1.29 (0.18– 9.58) | 1.73 (0.23–13.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| Critical illness | |||||
| None | 325 | 75 818 | 42.9 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Septicemia, septic shock | 305 | 34 092 | 89.5 | 2.12 (1.81–2.48) | 2.46 (2.10–2.90) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 15 | 2309 | 65.0 | 1.53 (1.91–2 0.57) | 1.63 (0.97–2.76) |
| Ischemic stroke | 147 | 24 074 | 61.1 | 1.43 (1.18–1.74) | 1.22 (0.99–1.50) |
| AMI | 14 | 2593 | 54.0 | 1.27 (0.74–2.17) | 1.31 (0.76–2.27) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 3 | 3278 | 9.15 | 0.21 (0.07–0.67) | 0.41 (0.13–1.29) |
| End-stage renal disease | |||||
| Critical illness | |||||
| None | 39 | 76 717 | 5.08 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Septicemia, septic shock | 89 | 34 848 | 25.5 | 5.29 (3.63–7.71) | 5.38 (3.65–7.94) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 2 | 2365 | 8.46 | 1.68 (0.41–6.97) | 1.90 (0.45–8.03) |
| Ischemic stroke | 23 | 24 447 | 9.41 | 1.88 (1.13–3.15) | 1.64 (0.95–2.84) |
| AMI | 2 | 2627 | 7.61 | 1.53 (0.37–6.32) | 1.88 (0.44–8.01) |
Note: AMI = acute myocardial infarction, CHF = congestive heart failure, CI = confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR = hazard ratio.
↵* Incidence rate, per 10 000 person-years.
Covariables found significantly associated with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease in the univariable Cox proportional regression model were further examined by the multivariable Cox proportional regression model:
Adjusted HR for acute kidney injury by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age and comorbidities of diabetes, CHF, cancer, hypertension, admission to intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation.
Adjusted HR for chronic kidney disease by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, CHF, COPD, cancer and mechanical ventilation.
Adjusted HR for end-stage renal disease by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for sex and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CHF, COPD and mechanical ventilation.