Incidence and hazard ratios of mortality after patients developed acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease in the critical illness cohorts compared with those in the controls, in age- and sex-matched and propensity score–matched cohorts
| Variable | Critical illness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age- and sex-matched | Propensity score–matched | |||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| After acute kidney injury | ||||
| No. of deaths | 23 | 57 | 5 | 17 |
| Rate* | 13.8 | 15.6 | 13.3 | 12.6 |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 1.19 (0.73–1.94) | 1 (Reference) | 1.04 (0.37–2.88) |
| Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 1.14 (0.60–2.18) | 1 (Reference) | 1.52 (0.45–5.19) |
| After chronic kidney disease | ||||
| Death | 158 | 293 | 35 | 121 |
| Rate* | 3.68 | 8.04 | 3.62 | 8.49 |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 2.19 (1.80–2.65) | 1 (Reference) | 2.37 (1.63–3.46) |
| Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 2.16 (1.67–2.80) | 1 (Reference) | 2.41 (1.63–3.56) |
| After end-stage renal disease | ||||
| Death | 36 | 150 | 4 | 59 |
| Rate* | 9.1 | 25.2 | 5.89 | 29.4 |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 2.56 (1.78–3.68) | 1 (Reference) | 4.76 (1.73–13.1) |
| Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 3.37 (2.07–5.49) | 1 (Reference) | 5.73 (1.88–17.5) |
Note: CAD = coronary artery disease, CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index, CHF = congestive heart failure, CI = confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR = hazard ratio.
↵* Incidence rate, per 10 000 person-years.
Covariables found significantly associated with mortality in the univariable Cox proportional regression model were further examined by the multivariable Cox proportional regression model:
Adjusted HR for acute kidney injury by age- and sex-matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, CCI score and comorbidities of diabetes, cirrhosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer, CAD, CHF, COPD, admission to intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Adjusted HR for acute kidney injury by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, and comorbidities of diabetes, CHF, cancer, hypertension, admission to intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation.
Adjusted HR for chronic kidney disease by age- and sex-matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, CCI score and comorbidities of diabetes, cirrhosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer, CAD, CHF, COPD, admission to intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Adjusted HR for chronic kidney disease by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, CCI score and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CAD, CHF, COPD, cancer and mechanical ventilation.
Adjusted HR for end-stage renal disease by age- and sex-matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CAD, CHF, COPD, admission to intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Adjusted HR for end-stage renal disease by propensity score matching was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for sex and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CHF, COPD and mechanical ventilation.