Infant hospitalization rates (per 1000)* in First Nations, Inuit and non-Indigenous infants, Quebec 1996–2011
| Cause of infant hospitalizations | First Nations | Inuit | Non-Indigenous | First Nations v. non-Indigenous | Inuit v. non-Indigenous | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RD | RR (95% CI) | p | RD | RR (95% CI) | p | ||||
| N (total = 249 080) | 19 770 | 3930 | 225 380 | ||||||
| Any hospitalization | 329.8 | 315.7 | 160.5 | 169.3 | 2.05 (1.99–2.11) | < 0.0001 | 155.5 | 1.96 (1.87–2.05) | < 0.0001 |
| Hospitalization as a result of: | |||||||||
| Infections | 77.2 | 67.5 | 37.0 | 40.2 | 2.09 (1.98–2.20) | < 0.0001 | 30.5 | 1.82 (1.62–2.05) | < 0.0001 |
| Injuries/accidents | 9.6 | 10.7 | 0.6.4 | 3.2 | 1.51 (1.30–1.75) | < 0.0001 | 4.3 | 1.68 (1.24–2.28) | 0.0008 |
| Congenital anomalies | 16.8 | 16.3 | 11.0 | 5.8 | 1.52 (1.36–1.70) | < 0.0001 | 5.3 | 1.47 (1.15–1.89) | 0.002 |
| Perinatal-originated conditions | 9.7 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 2.1 | 1.27 (1.09–1.47) | 0.002 | 2.8 | 1.37 (1.01–1.87) | 0.045 |
| Respiratory system | 124.8 | 129.1 | 47.2 | 77.6 | 2.64 (2.54–2.76) | < 0.0001 | 81.9 | 2.74 (2.52–2.97) | < 0.0001 |
| Digestive system | 23.0 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 9.7 | 1.74 (1.57–1.91) | < 0.0001 | 4.0 | 1.30 (1.03–1.66) | 0.03 |
| Nervous system | 17.7 | 19.6 | 9.9 | 7.8 | 1.79 (1.60–2.00) | < 0.0001 | 9.7 | 1.98 (1.58–2.48) | < 0.0001 |
| Genitourinary system | 12.5 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 4.8 | 1.62 (1.42–1.85) | < 0.0001 | −0.8 | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.54 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 1.3 | - | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.35 (1.53–3.62) | 0.0001 | - | - | - |
| Circulatory system | 1.3 | - | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.71 (1.12–2.60) | < 0.0001 | - | - | - |
| Endocrine system | 3.5 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.83 (2.18–3.67) | < 0.0001 | 3.0 | 3.46 (2.12–5.64) | < 0.0001 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | 8.7 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 7.3 | 6.13 (5.09–7.37) | < 0.0001 | 5.5 | 4.84 (3.27–7.16) | < 0.0001 |
| Blood | 1.3 | - | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.39 (0.93–2.09) | 0.11 | - | - | - |
| Mental neurodevelopmental disorders | 0.4 | - | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.38 (0.66–2.88) | 0.39 | - | - | - |
| Neoplasms | 0.8 | - | 1.0 | −0.2 | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.26 | - | - | - |
| Undefined symptoms | 21.0 | 27.0 | 14.3 | 6.7 | 1.47 (1.33–1.62) | < 0.0001 | 12.7 | 1.88 (1.55–2.28) | < 0.0001 |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, RD = risk difference, RR = risk ratio, - = not reportable (number of events < 10).
↵* Hospitalization rates presented are the numbers per 1000 infants who were hospitalized during the first year (365 d) of life after birth. Multiple admissions for different causes were treated as separate events, but multiple admissions for the same cause as one event. The denominator included all live-born infants. Bonferroni-adjusted 2-tailed p values < 0.0015 were considered statistically significant, considering 34 primary comparisons of interest (overall and 16 ICD chapter cause–specific infant hospitalization rates comparing First Nations and Inuit to non-Indigenous groups, total = 34 primary comparisons).