Table 2:

Pooled risk of stroke, noncardiovascular diseases, all types of cancer and noncardiovascular diseases excluding cancer with increment of 10 beats/min in resting heart rate^*

Variable	Stroke		Noncardiovascular diseases		All types of cancer		Noncardiovascular diseases excluding cancer

	n	RR (95% CI)	n	RR (95% CI)	n	RR (95% CI)	n	RR (95% CI)
Overall	20	1.05 (1.01–1.08)	13	1.16 (1.12–1.21)^‡	15	1.09 (1.06–1.12)	12	1.25 (1.17–1.34)^‡

Mean age

> 50 yr	15	1.06 (1.02–1.09)	9	1.19 (1.11–1.27)^‡	7	1.10 (1.06–1.15)	6	1.28 (1.15–1.42)^‡

≤ 50 yr	5	0.97 (0.86–1.10)	4	1.15 (1.09–1.21)^‡	8	1.07 (1.02–1.12)	6	1.23 (1.13–1.35)

Absence of CVD at baseline

Yes	12	1.05 (1.00–1.10)^‡	4	1.16 (1.10–1.22)^‡	7	1.07 (1.02–1.11)	6	1.23 (1.13–1.35)

No	8	1.05 (1.01–1.10)	9	1.18 (1.10–1.27)^‡	8	1.12 (1.07–1.17)	6	1.28 (1.15–1.42)^‡

Sex

Men	5	1.04 (1.00–1.08)	59	1.16 (1.10–1.24)^‡	9	1.09 (1.05–1.12)	6	1.29 (1.15–1.44)^‡

Women	6	1.00 (0.93–1.06)	26	1.10 (1.07–1.13)	6	1.09 (1.02–1.16)	6	1.21 (1.12–1.30)

All	9	1.08 (1.02–1.14)^‡	6	1.23 (1.13–1.33)	–	–	–	–

No. of covariables^† adjusted for in meta-regression

≥ 6	10	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	3	1.13 (1.04–1.23)	6	1.07 (1.04–1.11)	5	1.13 (1.07–1.19)

< 6	9	1.07 (1.00–1.14)	10	1.18 (1.12–1.23)^‡	9	1.12 (1.06–1.18)	7	1.31 (1.20–1.43)^‡

Note: CI = confidence interval, CVD = cardiovascular diseases; n = number of studies with sex-specific results that were included in the analysis, RR = relative risk.
↵* All p values from meta-regression are not significant (> 0.05).
↵† Covariables were blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, serum cholesterol or triglycerides, diabetes mellitus and blood glucose, alcohol use, and education or social class.
↵‡ Heterogeneity was moderate (I² value between 50% and 75%). For RR values without this symbol, heterogeneity was low (I² < 50%).