Table 1:

Summary of recommendations for HIV treatment that have implications for treatment as prevention

Organization	Date published	Recommendations
British HIV Association33	November 2013	“ART lowers, rather than eliminates, the risk of transmission; other prevention strategies, including male and female condoms[,] continue to be recommended to address concerns of any residual risk of transmission” (p. 24). “For a patient with a CD4 cell count > 350/μL, it is uncertain whether any benefits of immediate treatment to their own health will be outweighed by any harm” (p. 24).
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS34	September 2015	“ART is most strongly recommended … in the following situations: Symptomatic HIV infection … Lower CD4 cell counts The HIV-infected member of a serodiscordant couple, regardless of symptoms or CD4 count, to prevent transmission to the HIV-uninfected partner” (p. 10).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)35	December 2014	“[R]ecommend ART for all persons with HIV, regardless of CD4 cell count, to improve their health, prolong their lives, and reduce their risk of transmitting HIV to others” (p. 69, emphasis in the original).
Commission d’experts clinique et thérapie VIH et sida (also known as the “Swiss Statement”)36	2008	“An HIV-positive individual not suffering from any other STD and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a completely suppressed viremia … does not transmit HIV sexually, i.e., he/she cannot pass on the virus through sexual contact[,] … provided that: the HIV-positive individual fully complies with the antiretroviral therapy and is monitored by an attending physician; the viral load … has been non-detectable for at least six months (i.e., viremia has been suppressed for at least six months); the HIV-positive individual does not have any other sexually transmitted disease” (p. 3, emphasis in the original).
International Antiviral Society37	July 2014	“ART is recommended for the treatment of HIV infection and for the prevention of transmission of HIV” (p. 412). “ART is recommended regardless of CD4 cell count” (p. 412).
US Department of Health and Human Services38	April 2015	“ART should be initiated in patients with CD4 counts [of] 350 to 500 cell/mm³” (p. E-3). “Recent evidence demonstrating the public health benefit of earlier initiation of ART in reducing HIV transmission further supports the strength of this recommendation” (p. E-3). “ART [should] be offered to patients who are at risk of transmitting HIV to sexual partners” (p. E-11).
World Health Organization39	June 2013	Initiate antiretroviral medications for persons with CD4+ cell count ≤ 500 cell/mm³ Prioritize antiretroviral medications to persons with CD4+ counts of ≤ 350 cell/mm³ “HIV-positive partners with a CD4+ count ≥ 350 cells/mm³ in serodiscordant couples should be offered ART to reduce HIV transmission to uninfected partners” (section 5.2.2).

Note: ART = antiretroviral therapy, STD = sexually transmitted disease.