Baseline functional status in tertiles of resting heart rate and SDNN
| Variable | Tertiles of heart rate and SDNN; mean (SE)* | p for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Middle | High | ||
| Heart rate | n = 1649 | n = 1742 | n = 1651 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min, range | 34–60 | 61–70 | 71–117 | |
| ADL score | ||||
| Model 1† | 19.79 (0.02) | 19.78 (0.02) | 19.71 (0.02) | 0.004 |
| Model 2‡ | 19.27 (0.25) | 19.26 (0.25) | 19.21 (0.25) | 0.02 |
| IADL score | ||||
| Model 1 | 13.67 (0.03) | 13.62 (0.02) | 13.52 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 12.94 (0.34) | 12.89 (0.34) | 12.80 (0.33) | < 0.001 |
| SDNN | n = 1689 | n = 1670 | n = 1683 | |
| SDNN, ms, range | 1.70–13.30 | 13.40–26.50 | 26.60–422.60 | |
| ADL score | ||||
| Model 1 | 19.73 (0.02) | 19.75 (0.02) | 19.80 (0.02) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 19.23 (0.25) | 19.24 (0.25) | 19.27 (0.25) | 0.11 |
| IADL score | ||||
| Model 1 | 13.55 (0.03) | 13.62 (0.03) | 13.65 (0.02) | 0.004 |
| Model 2 | 12.84 (0.33) | 12.90 (0.34) | 12.91 (0.34) | 0.03 |
Note: ADL = basic activities of daily living, IADL = instrumental activities of daily living, SDNN = standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Adjusted for country, age, sex and education.
↵‡ Adjusted for country, age, sex, education, smoking, body mass index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of claudication, history of myocardial infarction, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack, statin treatment, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulants.