Outcomes of 87 patients with enterovirus D68 and 87 matched controls with rhinovirus or other strains of enterovirus
| Outcome | No. (%)* | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted† OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV-D68 | Non–EV-D68 | |||
| Primary outcome | ||||
| Composite of admission to the critical care unit and/or death | 20 (23.0) | 13 (14.9) | 1.78 (0.79–4.02)‡ | 1.47 (0.61–3.52) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Admission | 69 (79.3) | 57 (65.5) | 2.33 (1.07–5.09)§ | 2.29 (0.96–5.46) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | NA¶ | NA |
| Oxygen requirement | 34 (39.1) | 25 (28.7) | 1.52 (0.83–2.82)‡ | 1.28 (0.66–2.51) |
| Need for magnesium sulfate | 28 (32.2) | 12 (13.8) | 3.00 (1.34–6.68)§ | 2.62 (1.06–6.47)§ |
| Antibiotic treatment | 24 (27.6) | 32 (36.8) | 0.65 (0.34–1.25) | 0.72 (0.37–1.41) |
| Need for intravenous salbutamol | 10 (11.5) | 2 (2.3) | 9.00 (1.14–71.0)§ | 7.15 (0.88–57.8) |
| Admission to the critical care unit | 20 (23.0) | 13 (14.9) | 1.78 (0.79–4.02)‡ | 1.47 (0.61–3.54) |
| LOS, median (IQR), d | 3 (2.25–4.75) | 4 (2.0–5.5) | NA** | NA |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 1 (1.1) | 3 (3.4) | 0.33 (0.04–3.20) | 0.27 (0.03–2.79) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 1 (1.1) | 4 (4.6) | 0.25 (0.03–2.24) | 0.27 (0.03–2.52) |
| Death | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | NA | NA |
Note: CI = confidence interval, EV-D68 = enterovirus D68, IQR = interquartile range, LOS = length of stay, NA = not applicable, OR = odds ratio.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Adjusted for history of allergy and/or other medical comorbidity. “History of allergy” defined by any family or personal history of atopy, including the presence of blood eosinophilia. “Other medical comorbidity” defined as any comorbidity listed in Table 1.
↵‡ Associated p value of < 0.2.
↵§ Associated p value of < 0.05.
↵¶ p = 0.9 by the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test.
↵** p = 0.6 by the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test.