Baseline characteristics of patients with treated hypothyroidism or euthyroidism and type 2 diabetes who started antidiabetic treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy
| No. (%) of patients* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothyroidism n = 5689 | Euthyroidism n = 59 937 | |||
| Characteristic | Metformin n = 4927 | Sulfonylurea n = 762 | Metformin n = 51 957 | Sulfonylurea n = 7980 |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 66.2 (11.4) | 72.7 (11.6) | 62.2 (11.5) | 67.7 (12.6) |
| Male sex | 1 026 (20.8) | 168 (22.1) | 30 169 (58.1) | 4 609 (57.8) |
| Body mass index | ||||
| < 25 | 395 (8.0) | 227 (29.8) | 4 757 (9.2) | 2 831 (35.5) |
| 25–29.9 | 1 297 (26.3) | 261 (34.3) | 16 131 (31.1) | 2 908 (36.4) |
| 30–39.9 | 2 450 (49.7) | 211 (27.7) | 24 817 (47.8) | 1 781 (22.3) |
| ≥ 40 | 740 (15.0) | 31 (4.1) | 5 842 (11.2) | 224 (2.8) |
| Unknown | 45 (0.9) | 32 (4.2) | 410 (0.8) | 236 (3.0) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 622 (12.6) | 86 (11.3) | 9 388 (18.1) | 1 546 (19.4) |
| Former | 2 156 (43.8) | 317 (41.6) | 22 344 (43.0) | 2 972 (37.2) |
| Never | 2 099 (42.6) | 322 (42.3) | 19 671 (37.9) | 3 128 (39.2) |
| Unknown | 50 (1.0) | 37 (4.9) | 554 (1.1) | 334 (4.2) |
| Excessive alcohol use† | 472 (9.6) | 66 (8.7) | 6 305 (12.1) | 812 (10.2) |
| Diabetes duration, yr, mean ± SD‡ | 2.5 (3.5) | 2.5 (3.6) | 2.3 (3.4) | 2.1 (3.3) |
| Hemoglobin A1C§ | ||||
| < 6.5% | 220 (4.5) | 22 (2.9) | 2 276 (4.4) | 318 (4.0) |
| 6.5–7.4% | 906 (18.4) | 56 (7.4) | 8 607 (16.6) | 733 (9.2) |
| 7.5–8.9% | 1 693 (34.4) | 216 (28.4) | 17 604 (33.9) | 1 988 (24.9) |
| ≥ 9% | 953 (19.3) | 183 (24.0) | 13 457 (25.9) | 2 396 (30.0) |
| Unknown | 1 155 (23.4) | 285 (37.4) | 10 013 (19.3) | 2 545 (31.9) |
| Amiodarone¶ | 54 (1.1) | 23 (3.0) | 237 (0.5) | 82 (1.0) |
| Lithium¶ | 57 (1.2) | < 5†† | 226 (0.4) | 37 (0.5) |
| Glucocorticoids¶ | 687 (13.9) | 176 (23.1) | 4 999 (9.6) | 1 174 (14.7) |
| Dopamine agonists¶ | 23 (0.5) | < 5†† | 143 (0.3) | 21 (0.3) |
| Baseline TSH level, mIU/L, mean ± SD§ | 2.1 (1.9) | 1.9 (2.0) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.2) |
| Levothyroxine | ||||
| Years since initiation, mean ± SD | 7.1 (5.1) | 6.8 (5.0) | — | — |
| Dose, μg, mean ± SD§ | 99.4 (49.5) | 93.7 (47.3) | — | — |
| Dose/weight, μg/kg, mean ± SD** | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.7) | — | — |
Note: SD = standard deviation, TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Alcohol-related disorders such as alcoholism, alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and hepatic failure.
↵‡ Time between the date of a first-ever diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cohort entry.
↵§ Last measurement before cohort entry.
↵¶ In the year before cohort entry.
↵** Among patients with available weight information.
↵†† Numbers less than 5 are not displayed, as per the confidentiality policies of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.