Table 1:

Baseline demographic characteristics of the study patients by treatment group

Characteristic	Study group; no. (%) of patients^*
Characteristic	Melatonin (n = 186)	Placebo (n = 192)
Academic Medical Center	56 (30.1)	58 (30.2)
Tergooi Hospitals
Hilversum	85 (45.7)	88 (45.8)
Blaricum	45 (24.2)	46 (24.0)
Age, yr, mean ± SD	84.1 ± 8.0	83.4 ± 7.5
Sex, male	53 (28.5)	62 (32.3)
Living at home	116 (62.4)	122 (63.5)
Preadmission Katz-ADL score, median (IQR)^†	6 (2–10)	5 (1–10)
Data missing	4 (2.2)	4 (2.1)
MMSE score, median (IQR)	23 (12–28.8)	23 (9.5–28.0)
Data missing	25 (13.4)	32 (16.7)
Cognitive impairment	104 (55.9)	106 (55.2)
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)^‡	1.0 (0.8–2.0)	1.0 (1.0–2.0)
Data missing	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Prior delirium
Yes	44 (23.7)	34 (17.7)
Data missing	15 (8.1)	13 (6.8)
At least 2 falls in the past 3 mo
Yes	66 (35.5)	62 (32.3)
Data missing	4 (2.2)	14 (7.3)
Medications at home
No., median (IQR)	5.0 (2.0–7.0)	4.0 (2.0–7.0)
Benzodiazepines	18 (9.7)	33 (17.2)
Antipsychotics	12 (6.5)	14 (7.3)
Antidepressants	26 (14.0)	34 (17.7)
Type of fracture
Femoral neck	88 (47.3)	90 (46.9)
Intertrochanteric	69 (37.1)	74 (38.5)
Subtrochanteric	1 (0.5)	0 (0.0)
Periprosthetic	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)
Other	27 (14.5)	27 (14.1)
Spinal anesthesia	55 (29.6)	54 (28.1)
Type of surgery
Internal fixation	101 (54.3)	108 (56.2)
Hip replacement	70 (37.6)	74 (38.5)
Other	15 (8.1)	10 (5.2)

Note: IQR = interquartile range, Katz-ADL = Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living,31 MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination,32 SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† The Katz-ADL score ranges from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating more severe functional dependence.
↵‡ The Charlson comorbidity index ranges from 1 to 31, with higher scores indicating more comorbidities.