Characteristic | Study group; no. (%) of patients* | |
---|---|---|
Melatonin (n = 186) | Placebo (n = 192) | |
Academic Medical Center | 56 (30.1) | 58 (30.2) |
Tergooi Hospitals | ||
Hilversum | 85 (45.7) | 88 (45.8) |
Blaricum | 45 (24.2) | 46 (24.0) |
Age, yr, mean ± SD | 84.1 ± 8.0 | 83.4 ± 7.5 |
Sex, male | 53 (28.5) | 62 (32.3) |
Living at home | 116 (62.4) | 122 (63.5) |
Preadmission Katz-ADL score, median (IQR)† | 6 (2–10) | 5 (1–10) |
Data missing | 4 (2.2) | 4 (2.1) |
MMSE score, median (IQR) | 23 (12–28.8) | 23 (9.5–28.0) |
Data missing | 25 (13.4) | 32 (16.7) |
Cognitive impairment | 104 (55.9) | 106 (55.2) |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)‡ | 1.0 (0.8–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) |
Data missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Prior delirium | ||
Yes | 44 (23.7) | 34 (17.7) |
Data missing | 15 (8.1) | 13 (6.8) |
At least 2 falls in the past 3 mo | ||
Yes | 66 (35.5) | 62 (32.3) |
Data missing | 4 (2.2) | 14 (7.3) |
Medications at home | ||
No., median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) |
Benzodiazepines | 18 (9.7) | 33 (17.2) |
Antipsychotics | 12 (6.5) | 14 (7.3) |
Antidepressants | 26 (14.0) | 34 (17.7) |
Type of fracture | ||
Femoral neck | 88 (47.3) | 90 (46.9) |
Intertrochanteric | 69 (37.1) | 74 (38.5) |
Subtrochanteric | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Periprosthetic | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) |
Other | 27 (14.5) | 27 (14.1) |
Spinal anesthesia | 55 (29.6) | 54 (28.1) |
Type of surgery | ||
Internal fixation | 101 (54.3) | 108 (56.2) |
Hip replacement | 70 (37.6) | 74 (38.5) |
Other | 15 (8.1) | 10 (5.2) |
Note: IQR = interquartile range, Katz-ADL = Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living,31 MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination,32 SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† The Katz-ADL score ranges from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating more severe functional dependence.
↵‡ The Charlson comorbidity index ranges from 1 to 31, with higher scores indicating more comorbidities.