Drug | Treatment regimen | Trial duration, yr | Annualized relapse rate (%reduction v. placebo) | Progression to disability* (% reduction v. placebo) | Adverse effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glatiramer acetate5 | 20 mg SC daily | 2 | Drug: 0.59 Placebo: 0.84 (29%) | % of patients without progression: Drug: 78.4 Placebo: 75.4 (12%; NS†) |
|
Interferon β-1b6 | 250 μg SC every other day | 3 | Drug: 0.84 Placebo: 1.17 (28%) | % of patients with stable EDSS score: Drug: 73 Placebo: 61 (29%; p = 0.161) |
|
Interferon β-1a7 | 30 μg IM weekly | 2 | Drug: 0.61 Placebo: 0.9 (32%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 21.9 Placebo: 34.9 (37%) | Same as interferon β-1b |
Interferon β-1a8 | 22 or 44 μg SC, 3 times weekly | 2 | Drug 22 μg: 1.82 Drug 44 μg: 1.73 Placebo: 2.56 (22 μg: 27%; 44 μg: 33%) | 1st quartile time to progression in months: Drug 22 μg: 18.5 Drug 44 μg: 21.3 Placebo: 11.9 (22 μg: NA; 44 μg: 30%) | Same as interferon β-1b |
Natalizumab9 | 300 mg IV monthly | 2 | Drug: 0.24 Placebo: 075 (68%) | Cumulative probability of progression: Drug: 17 Placebo: 29 (42%) |
|
Fingolimod10 | 0.5 mg PO daily | 2 | Drug: 0.18 Placebo: 0.24 (54%) | Cumulative probability of progression: Drug: 17.7 Placebo: 24.1 (32%) |
|
Dimethyl fumarate11 | 240 mg PO twice daily | 2 | Drug: 0.36 Placebo: 0.17 (53%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 16 Placebo: 27 (38%) |
|
Teriflunomide12 | 14 mg PO daily | 2 | Drug: 0.37 Placebo: 0.54 (31%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 20.2 Placebo: 27.3 (29.8%) |
|
Note: EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale, IM = intramuscularly, IV = intravenously, NA = not available, NS = not significant, PO = orally, SC = subcutaneously.
↵* Progression of disability was assessed using the EDSS score. If not specified in the table, differences between the treated and placebo groups are considered statistically significant (see referenced papers for details). Data are reported only for approved treatment regimens.
↵† p value not reported in the original article.