Characteristics of patients with sleep apnea and matched controls
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep apnea n = 6 816 | Control n = 27 284 | ||
| Age, yr | |||
| Mean ± SD | 46.49 ± 14.52 | 46.50 ± 14.52 | |
| < 65 | 5 989 (87.9) | 23 970 (87.9) | > 0.9 |
| ≥ 65 | 827 (12.1) | 3 314 (12.1) | |
| Follow-up years, median (IQR) | 4.00 (2.26–6.30) | 4.04 (2.29–6.37) | 0.4 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 2 542 (37.3) | 10 175 (37.3) | > 0.9 |
| Male | 4 274 (62.7) | 17 109 (62.7) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 315 (19.3) | 5 232 (19.2) | 0.8 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1 603 (23.5) | 6 375 (23.4) | 0.8 |
| Heart failure | 450 (6.6) | 1 755 (6.4) | 0.6 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 869 (12.7) | 3 437 (12.6) | 0.7 |
| Dementia | 80 (1.2) | 230 (0.8) | 0.01 |
| Epilepsy | 165 (2.4) | 596 (2.2) | 0.2 |
| Parkinson disease | 100 (1.5) | 305 (1.1) | 0.02 |
| CKD/ESRD | 760 (11.2) | 2 996 (11.0) | 0.7 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 168 (2.5) | 589 (2.2) | 0.1 |
| GERD | 555 (8.1) | 2 129 (7.8) | 0.3 |
| Cancer | 181 (2.7) | 652 (2.4) | 0.2 |
| Asthma | 1 012 (14.8) | 3 996 (14.6) | 0.7 |
| COPD | 1 592 (23.4) | 6 331 (23.2) | 0.8 |
| Tuberculosis | 173 (2.5) | 628 (2.3) | 0.2 |
| Treatment | |||
| Statins | 618 (9.1) | 1 860 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Inhaled steroid | 81 (1.2) | 241 (0.9) | 0.02 |
Note: CKD = chronic kidney disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.