Age, yr, median (IQR) | 73 (69–78) | 73 (69–79) | 73 (69–78) | 73 (69–79) | 73 (69–78) |
Age group, yr |
66–74 | 4 929 (60.2) | 6 426 (58.7) | 7 603 (59.9) | 4 909 (58.4) | 8 197 (58.7) |
75–84 | 2 778 (34.0) | 3 778 (34.5) | 4 342 (34.2) | 2 946 (35.0) | 4 863 (34.8) |
≥85 | 475 (5.8) | 736 (6.7) | 746 (5.9) | 556 (6.6) | 902 (6.5) |
Female sex | 4 782 (58.4) | 6 579 (60.1) | 7 326 (57.7) | 5 238 (62.3) | 8 466 (60.6) |
Duration of diabetes, yr, median (IQR) | 6.0 (2.3–10.8) | 6.3 (2.4–11) | 6.5 (2.4–11.1) 6.2 (2.3–10.5) | 6.1 (2.3–10.5) |
No admission to hospital | 6 272 (76.7) | 8 177 (74.7) | 9 541 (75.2) | 6 351 (75.5) | 10 725 (76.8) |
Charlson comorbidity index |
0 | 567 (6.9) | 801 (7.3) | 860 (6.8) | 511 (6.1) | 978 (7.0) |
1 | 595 (7.3) | 801 (7.3) | 940 (7.4) | 661 (7.9) | 1 000 (7.2) |
≥2 | 748 (9.1) | 1 161 (10.6) | 1 350 (10.6) | 888 (10.6) | 1 259 (9.0) |
Reason for admission to hospital in previous 5 yr |
Congestive heart failure | 519 (6.3) | 989 (9.0) | 957 (7.5) | 755 (9.0) | 997 (7.1) |
Angina | 163 (2.0) | 234 (2.1) | 251 (2.0) | 209 (2.5) | 261 (1.9) |
Diabetes | 347 (4.2) | 557 (5.1) | 686 (5.4) | 432 (5.1) | 553 (4.0) |
Hypertension | 2 867 (35.0) | 4 234 (38.7) | 4 537 (35.8) | 3 252 (38.7) | 5 167 (37.0) |
Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 261 (3.2) | 417 (3.8) | 443 (3.5) | 312 (3.7) | 431 (3.1) |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 11 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) |
Atrial fibrillation | 186 (2.3) | 308 (2.8) | 303 (2.4) | 247 (2.9) | 336 (2.4) |
Ventricular dysrhythmia | 194 (2.4) | 332 (3.0) | 313 (2.5) | 273 (3.3) | 353 (2.5) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 58 (0.7) | 100 (0.9) | 107 (0.8) | 77 (0.9) | 96 (0.7) |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 907 (11.1) | 1 402 (12.8) | 1 591 (12.5) | 1 091 (13.0) | 1 645 (11.8) |
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 10 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | ≤5 (0.0) | 8 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) |
History of chronic liver disease in 1 yr | 92 (1.1) | 153 (1.4) | 180 (1.4) | 122 (1.5) | 210 (1.5) |
History of chronic kidney disease in 1 yr | 713 (8.7) | 1 262 (11.5) | 1 430 (11.3) | 872 (10.4) | 1 148 (8.2) |
Residence in a long-term care facility | 148 (1.8) | 206 (1.9) | 243 (1.9) | 146 (1.7) | 221 (1.6) |
No. of prescription drugs in previous 1 yr, median (IQR) | 8 (5–12) | 9 (6–12) | 8 (6–12) | 8 (5–12) | 8 (5–12) |
Medications used in previous 1 yr |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 4 740 (57.9) | 6 562 (60.0) | 7 833 (61.7) | 4 969 (59.1) | 8 372 (60.0) |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 868 (10.6) | 1 296 (11.9) | 1 436 (11.3) | 1 091 (13.0) | 1 677 (12.0) |
Other antiplatelet drugs | 209 (2.6) | 326 (3.0) | 363 (2.9) | 204 (2.4) | 332 (2.4) |
β-adrenergic receptor antagonists | 1 953 (23.9) | 2 734 (25.0) | 3 116 (24.6) | 1 996 (23.7) | 3 372 (24.2) |
Calcium-channel blockers | 2 740 (33.5) | 3 896 (35.6) | 4 649 (36.6) | 2 805 (33.4) | 4 823 (34.5) |
Medications used in previous 1 yr |
Thiazide diuretics | 1 842 (22.5) | 2 338 (21.4) | 2 846 (22.4) | 1 810 (21.5) | 2 960 (21.2) |
Aldosterone antagonists | 162 (2.0) | 281 (2.6) | 277 (2.2) | 177 (2.1) | 313 (2.2) |
Other diuretic agents | 1 533 (18.7) | 2 256 (20.6) | 2 654 (20.9) | 1 655 (19.7) | 2 727 (19.5) |
Other antihypertensive agents | 66 (0.8) | 107 (1.0) | 133 (1.1) | 85 (1.0) | 140 (1.0) |
Nitrates | 409 (5.0) | 624 (5.7) | 708 (5.6) | 516 (6.1) | 762 (5.5) |
Statins | 4 411 (53.9) | 5 717 (52.3) | 6 872 (54.2) | 3 957 (47.1)† | 7 056 (50.5) |
Digoxin | 196 (2.4) | 320 (2.9) | 320 (2.5) | 286 (3.4) | 405 (2.9) |
Amiodarone | 46 (0.6) | 85 (0.8) | 69 (0.5) | 58 (0.7) | 83 (0.6) |
Warfarin | 349 (4.3) | 593 (5.4) | 619 (4.9) | 407 (4.8) | 629 (4.5) |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 2 257 (27.6) | 3 046 (27.8) | 3 500 (27.6) | 2 282 (27.1) | 4 027 (28.8) |
Diabetes treatments used in previous 1 yr |
Insulin | 709 (8.7) | 1 099 (10.1) | 1 412 (11.1) | 907 (10.8) | 1 102 (7.9) |
Metformin | 3 683 (45.0) | 4 906 (44.8) | 6 096 (48.0) | 3 772 (44.9) | 6 526 (46.7) |
Acarbose | 83 (1.0) | 133 (1.2) | 151 (1.2) | 123 (1.5) | 180 (1.3) |
Pioglitazone | 263 (3.2) | 321 (2.9) | 368 (2.9) | 136 (1.6) | 333 (2.4) |
Rosiglitazone | 213 (2.6) | 293 (2.7) | 381 (3.0) | 197 (2.3) | 352 (2.5) |
Sulfonylureas | 2 237 (27.3) | 3 277 (30.0) | 4 003 (31.5) | 2 758 (32.8)† | 4 296 (30.8) |
Repaglinide | 30 (0.4) | 34 (0.3) | 59 (0.5) | 33 (0.4) | 31 (0.2) |
Income quintile |
1 (lowest) | 1 815 (22.2) | 2 555 (23.4) | 2 912 (23.0) | 1 958 (23.3) | 3 213 (23.0) |
2 | 1 798 (22.0) | 2 596 (23.7) | 2 813 (22.2) | 1 908 (22.7) | 3 240 (23.2) |
3 | 1 691 (20.7) | 2 094 (19.1) | 2 534 (20.0) | 1 685 (20.0) | 2 825 (20.2) |
4 | 1 473 (18.0) | 1 941 (17.7) | 2 269 (17.9) | 1 530 (18.2) | 2 536 (18.2) |
5 (highest) | 1 374 (16.8) | 1 722 (15.7) | 2 113 (16.6) | 1 294 (15.4) | 2 112 (15.1) |
Missing | 31 (0.4) | 32 (0.3) | 50 (0.4) | 36 (0.4) | 36 (0.3) |
Specialty of prescribing physician |
Family physician/general practitioner | 6 376 (77.9) | 7 967 (72.8)‡ | 9 519 (75.0) | 5 992 (71.2)† | 10 867 (77.8) |
Endocrinology | 206 (2.5) | 247 (2.3) | 293 (2.3) | 182 (2.2) | 172 (1.2) |
Nephrology | 82 (1.0) | 233 (2.1) | 302 (2.4) | 152 (1.8) | 82 (0.6) |
Other | 632 (7.7) | 1 018 (9.3) | 996 (7.9) | 745 (8.9) | 1 032 (7.4) |
Unknown | 886 (10.8) | 1 475 (13.5) | 1 581 (12.5) | 1 340 (15.9)† | 1 809 (13.0) |