Primary and secondary outcomes after 26 and 52 weeks*
| Outcomes | Naturopathic care Mean or % ± SE n = 124 | Control Mean or % ± SE n = 122 | Estimated difference (control – naturopathic care) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | |||
| Metabolic syndrome,† % | |||
| 26 wk | 38.11 ± 0.04 | 53.05 ± 0.04 | −14.94% (−26.49% to −3.39%) |
| 52 wk | 31.58 ± 0.04 | 48.48 ± 0.05 | −16.90% (−29.55% to −4.25%) |
| 10-year cardiovascular risk,† % | |||
| 26 wk | 8.99 ± 0.44 | 11.35 ± 0.47 | −2.36 (−3.66 to −1.09) |
| 52 wk | 7.74 ± 0.46 | 10.81 ± 0.47 | −3.07 (−4.35 to −1.78) |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| Weight, kg | |||
| 26 wk | 82.44 ± 0.68 | 83.76 ± 0.70 | −1.32 (−3.25 to 0.61) |
| 52 wk | 83.81 ± 1.07 | 83.59 ± 1.09 | 0.22 (−2.78 to 3.22) |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | |||
| 26 wk | 3.54 ± 0.10 | 3.71 ± 0.10 | −0.17 (−0.44 to −0.11) |
| 52 wk | 3.49 ± 0.10 | 3.50 ± 0.09 | −0.01 (−0.28 to 0.25) |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | |||
| 26 wk | 1.18 ± 0.04 | 1.13 ± 0.04 | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.16) |
| 52 wk | 1.18 ± 0.04 | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.24) |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | |||
| 26 wk | 2.69 ± 0.37 | 2.46 ± 0.38 | 0.23 (−0.82 to 1.27) |
| 52 wk | 2.2 ± 0.19 | 2.23 ± 0.19 | −0.03 (−0.56 to 0.5) |
| Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL | |||
| 26 wk | 5.12 ± 0.14 | 5.33 ± 0.15 | −0.21 (−0.61 to 0.19) |
| 52 wk | 4.84 ± 0.16 | 5.63 ± 0.16 | −0.79 (−1.24 to −0.35) |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | |||
| 26 wk | 5.69 ± 0.04 | 5.77 ± 0.05 | −0.08 (−0.21 to 0.04) |
| 52 wk | 5.64 ± 0.05 | 5.78 ± 0.05 | −0.14 (−0.29 to 0) |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | |||
| 26 wk | 5.78 ± 0.13 | 6.12 ± 0.13 | −0.34 (−0.70 to 0.02) |
| 52 wk | 8.10 ± 0.88 | 7.62 ± 1.23 | 0.48 (−2.50 to 3.45) |
| Systolic blood pressure | |||
| 26 wk | 120.27 ± 1.08 | 125.53 ± 1.10 | −5.26 (−8.30 to −2.22) |
| 52 wk | 117.45 ± 1.12 | 124.00 ± 1.13 | −6.55 (−9.70 to −3.42) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||
| 26 wk | 80.42 ± 0.68 | 82.80 ± 0.69 | −2.38 (−4.29 to −0.47) |
| 52 wk | 78.36 ± 0.92 | 81.69 ± 0.93 | −3.33 (−5.92 to −0.75) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, SE = standard error.
↵* To account the repeated measure at 26 weeks, we used repeated-measures analysis of covariance in a mixed model by including the baseline value as a covariate for the continuous data and a generalized estimating equations approach for the binary data.
↵† Evaluated by multiple imputation.