Characteristics of patients with incident heart failure by clinical site and time of diagnosis
| Characteristic | Inpatients | Outpatients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 n = 20 039 | 2007 n = 17 262 | p value | 1997 n = 19 830 | 2007 n = 17 283 | p value | |
| Women, % | 51.0 | 51.8 | 0.09 | 51.8 | 47.5 | < 0.001 |
| Age, yr, % | < 0.001 | < 0.006 | ||||
| 20–64 | 17.9 | 19.0 | 19.9 | 25.1 | ||
| 65–74 | 27.0 | 20.3 | 26.7 | 21.3 | ||
| 75–84 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 34.9 | 33.9 | ||
| ≥ 85 | 19.8 | 25.4 | 18.6 | 19.7 | ||
| Age, median, yr | 76 | 78 | < 0.001 | 75 | 76 | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities, % | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 22.9 | 30.2 | < 0.001 | 10.7 | 13.9 | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15.6 | 10.7 | < 0.001 | 10.4 | 7.0 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 35.7 | 47.2 | < 0.001 | 21.5 | 25.2 | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 54.4 | 44.0 | < 0.001 | 26.8 | 23.7 | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 10.6 | 7.3 | < 0.001 | 5.3 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 9.6 | 9.5 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 0.1 |
| Other comorbidities, % | ||||||
| Metastatic cancer | 3.7 | 4.1 | 0.04 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.3 |
| Primary cancer | 8.8 | 9.1 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 0.99 |
| Dementia | 5.0 | 9.2 | < 0.001 | 2.7 | 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 26.1 | 34.6 | < 0.001 | 12.9 | 16.4 | < 0.001 |
| Digestive ulcer disease | 3.3 | 2.7 | < 0.001 | 2.2 | 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 25.5 | 22.5 | < 0.001 | 12.7 | 9.2 | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatic disease | 2.5 | 2.0 | < 0.001 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.007 |
| Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Index score, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 20.0 | 19.3 | 54.5 | 56.2 | ||
| 1 | 30.8 | 21.2 | 20.2 | 17.4 | ||
| 2 | 21.8 | 20.1 | 12.5 | 10.9 | ||
| ≥ 3 | 27.5 | 39.4 | 12.7 | 15.5 | ||
| Charlson–Deyo score, mean | 1.9 | 2.3 | < 0.001 | 1.0 | 1.1 | < 0.001 |