Adjusted* association between atrial fibrillation and cognitive and functional outcomes for participants with stroke (previous or at follow-up) and without stroke
| Outcome measures | No stroke, HR (95% CI) n = 23 665 | Stroke (previous or at follow-up), HR (95% CI) n = 7 267 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite outcome† | 1.21 (1.10–1.33) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 0.5 |
| Decrease in MMSE score ≥ 3 | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.25 (1.06–1.47) | 0.08 |
| Dementia at follow-up | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.39 (1.13–1.71) | 0.2 |
| Loss of independence with ADL | 1.26 (1.05–1.50) | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) | 0.8 |
| Admission to long-term care | 1.64 (1.34–2.00) | 1.33 (1.04–1.69) | 0.1 |
Note: ADL = activities of daily living, CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio, MMSE = Mini–Mental State Examination.
↵* Models were adjusted for the following confounding variables: age; level of education; sex; baseline MMSE score; systolic blood pressure at baseline; history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, diabetes and myocardial infarction; levels of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and creatinine; treatment with statins, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulants; changes in systolic blood pressure during follow-up; smoking; body mass index; level of physical activity; presence of sleep apnea; and alcohol consumption.
↵† Decrease in MMSE score of 3 points or more, new diagnosis of dementia at follow-up, loss of independence with performing ADL and admission to a long-term care facility.