The seven most commonly cited studies in guidelines for screening with prostate-specific antigen from nine organizations
| Study | Design/aim (as extracted from abstract) | Statement(s) supported by the study | No. of guidelines citing the study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roach et al. 17 (2006) | Reports second consensus conference to revise the ASTRO definition of biochemical failure | Threshold value for PSA after radical radiotherapy | 5 |
| Pound et al. 21 (1999) | Retrospective review of a large surgical series (n = 1997) to examine the natural history of progression to distant metastases in men with elevated levels of PSA following surgery | Frequency of testing, threshold value for PSA after radical prostatectomy, natural history | 5 |
| Kuban et al. 18 (2006) | Primary study of radioisotopic implant as solitary treatment for localized prostate cancer (n = 2693); multiple definitions of PSA failure were tested for their ability to predict clinical failure | Threshold value for PSA after radical radiotherapy, natural history | 4 |
| ASTRO16 (1997) | Consensus statement providing guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy | Frequency of testing, threshold value for PSA after radical radiotherapy | 3 |
| Cookson et al.5 (2007) | AUA review of the variability in published definitions of biochemical recurrence; recommends a standard definition for patients whose cancer is treated with radical prostatectomy | Threshold value for PSA after radical prostatectomy, natural history | 3 |
| Horwitz et al.19 (2005) | Determined the sensitivity and specificity of several definitions for biochemical failure using pooled data from 4839 patients whose cancer was treated with external-beam radiotherapy alone | Threshold value for PSA after radical radiotherapy | 3 |
| Stephenson et al.20 (2006) | Tested 10 definitions of biochemical failure to identify the one that best explains metastatic progression; study involved 3125 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy | Threshold value for PSA after radical prostatectomy | 3 |
Note: ASTRO = American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, AUA = American Urological Association, PSA = prostate-specific antigen.