%0 Journal Article %A Shoo K. Lee %A Khalid Aziz %A Nalini Singhal %A Catherine M. Cronin %A Andrew James %A David S.C. Lee %A Derek Matthew %A Arne Ohlsson %A Koravangattu Sankaran %A Mary Seshia %A Anne Synnes %A Robin Walker %A Robin Whyte %A Joanne Langley %A Ying C. MacNab %A Bonnie Stevens %A Peter von Dadelszen %T Improving the quality of care for infants: a cluster randomized controlled trial %D 2009 %R 10.1503/cmaj.081727 %J Canadian Medical Association Journal %P 469-476 %V 181 %N 8 %X Background: We developed and tested a new method, called the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality method, for continuous quality improvement. Methods: We used cluster randomization to assign 6 neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) to reduce nosocomial infection (infection group) and 6 ICUs to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia (pulmonary group). We included all infants born at 32 or fewer weeks gestation. We collected baseline data for 1 year. Practice change interventions were implemented using rapid-change cycles for 2 years. Results: The difference in incidence trends (slopes of trend lines) between the ICUs in the infection and pulmonary groups was − 0.0020 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.0007 to 0.0004) for nosocomial infection and − 0.0006 (95% CI − 0.0011 to − 0.0001) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Interpretation: The results suggest that the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality method reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonatal ICU and that it may reduce nosocomial infection. %U https://www.cmaj.ca/content/cmaj/181/8/469.full.pdf