Original Articles
Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE): 2014 update
Sheldon W. Tobe, James A. Stone, Kimberly M. Walker, Todd Anderson, Onil Bhattacharyya, Alice Y.Y. Cheng, Jean Gregoire, Gord Gubitz, Mary L'Abbé, David C.W. Lau, Lawrence A. Leiter, Paul Oh, Raj Padwal, Luc Poirier, Peter Selby, Mark Tremblay, Richard A. Ward, Diane Hua, Peter P. Liu and for the C-CHANGE Initiative
CMAJ October 20, 2014 cmaj.140387; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.140387
Sheldon W. Tobe
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
James A. Stone
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Kimberly M. Walker
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Todd Anderson
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Onil Bhattacharyya
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Alice Y.Y. Cheng
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Jean Gregoire
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Gord Gubitz
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Mary L'Abbé
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
David C.W. Lau
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Lawrence A. Leiter
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Paul Oh
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Raj Padwal
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Luc Poirier
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Peter Selby
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Mark Tremblay
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Richard A. Ward
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Diane Hua
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Peter P. Liu
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.
Division of Nephrology (Tobe), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Stone), University of Calgary, Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital (Walker), Toronto, Ont.; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Anderson), University of Calgary Calgary Alta.; Women's College Hospital (Bhattacharrya), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Cheng), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (Gregoire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of Neurology (Gubitz), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.; Department of Nutritional Sciences (L'Abbé), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Lau), Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Keenan Research Centre (Leiter), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Oh), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacology, and Division of General Internal Medicine (Padwal), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Psychiatry, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (Tremblay), Ottawa, Ont.; the Department of Family Medicine (Ward), University of Calgary, Alta.; Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hua) Toronto, Ont.; University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Liu), Ottawa, Ont.