Table 1: Self-rated sleep outcomes from highly rated* randomized controlled trials comparing benzodiazepines with placebo
|
Study |
Washout period; d |
n |
Study duration; d |
Benzodiazepine; dose |
Sleep outcome; significance of difference (versus placebo)
|
Sleep latency |
Sleep duration |
Nocturnal awakenings |
Sleep depth |
Morning awakeness |
Sleep quality |
|
Cohn et al25† |
None required |
223 |
7 |
Estazolam, 1 mg Estazolam, 2 mg Flurazepam, 30 mg |
ND
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
p < 0.05
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.01
p < 0.01 |
Elie et al70† |
7 |
36 |
28 + 3 d withdrawal |
Flurazepam, 30 mg |
ND |
p < 0.05, wk 1
ND, wk 2–4 |
p < 0.05, wk 1–4 |
— |
— |
— |
Nair et al79† |
4–7 |
60 |
7 |
Flurazepam, 30 mg |
p < 0.05 |
— |
— |
— |
p < 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
Walsh et al109† |
> 14 |
367 |
7 |
Estazolam, 1 mg Estazolam, 2 mg |
p < 0.05
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001
p < 0.001 |
— |
p < 0.01
p < 0.001 |
Elie et al76† |
3 |
48 |
21 + 4 d withdrawal |
Triazolam, 0.125–0.25 mg |
p < 0.05, wk 1–3 |
— |
— |
ND,
wk 1–3 |
ND,
wk 1–3 |
ND,
wk 1–3 |
Meulem et al83‡ |
7 |
17 |
5 + 2 × 3 d washout |
Temazepam, 15 mg |
p < 0.05 |
ND |
ND |
— |
— |
— |
*Randomized, double-blinded study with > 80% follow-up of participants.
†Parallel-groups design.
‡Cross-over design. n = number of subjects in the study; ND = no significant difference; — = not measured.
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