Age, median (IQR), yr | 60 (54–68) | 60 (55–68) | 0.02 |
Sex, male | 11 521 (95) | 2 315 (95) | 0.02 |
Race |
White | 8 612 (71) | 1 726 (71) | 0.00 |
Black | 2 028 (17) | 400 (16) | −0.01 |
Other | 512 (4) | 111 (5) | 0.02 |
Missing | 1 028 (8) | 199 (8) | −0.01 |
Time to intensification,§ median (IQR), mo | 14 (6–31) | 14 (5–30) | −0.01 |
HbA1C, median (IQR), % | 8.1 (7.2–9.9) | 8.1 (6.9–9.9) | −0.07 |
eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min | 82 (70–98) | 82 (70–98) | 0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 131 (120–143) | 131 (120–142) | 0.01 |
Body mass index, median (IQR) | 32.3 (28.6–37.0) | 32.6 (28.4–37.1) | 0.00 |
Baseline comorbidities¶ |
Malignant disease | 1 115 (9) | 223 (9) | 0.00 |
Congestive heart failure | 1 053 (9) | 209 (9) | 0.00 |
Cardiovascular disease | 4 125 (34) | 825 (34) | 0.00 |
Serious mental illness | 3 878 (32) | 768 (32) | −0.01 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 378 (20) | 481 (20) | 0.01 |
Arrhythmia | 1 274 (10) | 255 (10) | 0.00 |
Use of medications |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 8 576 (70) | 1 727 (71) | 0.01 |
Antihypertensive medication | 8 894 (73) | 1 762 (72) | −0.02 |
Statin or nonstatin lipid-lowering agent | 9 250 (76) | 1 858 (76) | 0.01 |
Anticoagulant, platelet inhibitor | 1 849 (15) | 363 (15) | −0.01 |
Nitrate | 1 472 (12) | 297 (12) | 0.00 |
ASA | 3 411 (28) | 666 (27) | −0.02 |
Antipsychotic | 1 436 (12) | 279 (11) | −0.01 |
Indicators of health care use |
Admitted to hospital in last year | 3 274 (27) | 631 (26) | −0.03 |
Nursing home encounter | 24 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | −0.01 |
Outpatient visits in past year, median (IQR) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (4–12) | −0.03 |
Medicare use in last year | 4 191 (34) | 843 (35) | 0.00 |
Medicaid use in last year | 590 (5) | 122 (5) | 0.01 |