Furuncular myiasis | Dermatobia hominis, Cordylobia spp., Cuterebra spp., Hypoderma spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., others | Global | One or more nodules with central puncta; may have sensation of movement or lancinating pain |
Furunculosis | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, polymicrobial infection | Global | Cutaneous abscesses that can be associated with adjacent cellulitis |
Tungiasis | Tunga penetrans (sand flea) | South and Central America, Africa, India | Small papule with black centre that can become inflamed; typically invades the feet, including the heel and toes |
Nodular lymphangitis | Sporothrix schenckii. Mycobacterium spp., Nocardia spp. | Global | Nodular lesions with spread via lymphatics with associated lymphangitis; classically sporotrichoid or lymphocuticular spread |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis | Leishmania spp. | South and Central America, Middle East, Saharan Africa, South Central Asia | Typically ulcerative but can present as nodular or verrucous plaques |