Girault et al. 2011 (25) | 138 | Chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure; invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h | 2 h SBT failure | Noninvasive pressure support ± PEEP or bilevel NIV with face mask (initial choice) | Invasive pressure support with once daily SBT with T- piece or pressure support ± PEEP |
Rabie Agmy et al. 2012 (26) | 264 | Acute-on-chronic exacerbation of COPD | 2 h SBT failure | NIV (pressure, ST mode) | Invasive pressure support |
Tawfeek et al. 2012 (27) | 42 | Invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 h | 2 h SBT failure | Noninvasive PAV delivered by face mask | SIMV |
Vaschetto et al. 2012 (28) | 20 | Hypoxemic respiratory failure; invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h | Pressure support with PEEP + inspiratory support, ≤ 25 cm H2O and PEEP 8–13 cm H2O; PaO2:FiO2 200–300 mm Hg with FiO2 ≤ 0.6 | Helmet NIV | Invasive pressure support with SBT when PaO2:FiO2 > 250 mm Hg |
Hill et al. 2000 (29) | 21 | Acute respiratory failure | 30 min SBT failure | NIV using VPAP in ST-A mode | Invasive pressure support |
Rabie Agmy et al. 2004 (30) | 37 | Exacerbation of COPD | 2 h SBT failure | NIV (proportional assist in timed mode) delivered by face or nasal mask | Invasive pressure support |
Chen et al. 2001 (31) | 24 | Exacerbation of COPD; mechanical ventilation for at least 48–60 h; O2 saturation ≥ 88% on FiO2 40% | Day 3+ weaning criteria | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) | Invasive pressure support |
Wang et al. 2004 (32)* | 28 | COPD; bronchopulmonary infection | PIC window | NIV (pressure mode) delivered by mask (unspecified) | SIMV + pressure support |
Zheng et al. 2005 (33)* | 33 | COPD; severe pulmonary infection | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by face or nasal mask | Invasive pressure support |
Zou et al. 2006 (34)* | 76 | COPD with severe respiratory failure; pulmonary infection | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure, ST mode) delivered by nasal or oronasal mask | SIMV + pressure support |
Prasad et al. 2009 (35) | 30 | COPD; hypercapnic respiratory failure | 2 h SBT failure | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by full face mask | Invasive pressure support |
Nava et al. 1998 (36) | 50 | Exacerbation of COPD; mechanical ventilation for at least 36–48 h | Simple weaning criteria, 1 h SBT failure | Noninvasive pressure support on conventional ventilator delivered with face mask | Invasive pressure support |
Collaborating Research Group for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation 2005 (37)* | 90 | COPD with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure; pneumonia or purulent bronchitis; age ≤ 85 y; capable of self-care during previous year | PIC window | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) | SIMV + pressure support |
Girault et al. 1999 (38) | 33 | Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure (COPD, restrictive or mixed populations); mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h | Simple weaning criteria, 2 h SBT failure | Flow or pressure mode with nasal or face mask | Flow or pressure mode (pressure support) |
Ferrer et al. 2003 (39) | 43 | Acute respiratory failure and persistent weaning failure; intubation for at least 72 h | 2 h SBT failure on 3 consecutive days | Bilevel NIV in ST mode delivered with face or nasal mask | Assist control or invasive pressure support |
Trevisan et al. 2008 (40) | 65 | Invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 h | 30 min SBT failure | Bilevel NIV (pressure mode) delivered by facemask | Invasive mechanical ventilation |