CMAJ • April 14, 2009; 180 (8). doi:10.1503/cmaj.081040.
© 2009 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population-based study

Wan C. Tan, MB, Christine Lo, BSc, Aimee Jong, BSc, Li Xing, MSc, Mark J. FitzGerald, MB, William M. Vollmer, PhD, Sonia A. Buist, MD PhD, Don D. Sin, MD MPH for the Vancouver Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Research Group

From the iCapture Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (Tan, Lo, Jong, Xing, Sin), St. Paul’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, and the Vancouver General Hospital (FitzGerald), Vancouver, BC; the Oregon Health and Sciences University (Vollmer) and the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (Buist), Portland, USA


Figure 113
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  		Figure 1: The 2-stage recruitment process of the Vancouver Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.

 

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  		Table 1: Characteristics of the study population and prevalence of risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

 

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  		Table 2: Characteristics of study participants with a significant history of marijuana smoking

 

Figure 213
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  		Figure 2: Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among participants with a history of marijuana smoking, tobacco smoking or both. COPD was defined in 3 ways: by spirometric testing (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] to forced vital capacity [FVC] of 0.70 or less), by self-report of respiratory symptoms (presence of chronic cough with phlegm and current wheezing or shortness of breath) and by self-report of a physician’s diagnosis of COPD, chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Note: ref = reference group. *Adjusted for age, sex, ethnic background, body mass index, education, asthma and other comorbidities (i.e., heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes and tuberculosis) and interaction terms for concurrent smoking of marijuana and tobacco (p = 0.001 for COPD defined by spirometric testing, p = 0.283 for COPD defined by self-reported symptoms, and p < 0.001 for COPD defined by self-report of a physician’s diagnosis). {dagger}Participants who had smoked at least 365 tobacco cigarettes. {ddagger}Participants who had smoked at least 50 marijuana cigarettes.