CMAJ • October 7, 2008; 179 (8). doi:10.1503/cmaj.071812.
© 2008 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Patterns of antibiotic use and risk of hospital admission because of Clostridium difficile infection

Sandra Dial, MD MSc, Abbas Kezouh, PhD, Andre Dascal, MD, Alan Barkun, MD MSc and Samy Suissa, PhD

From the Department of Medicine (Dial, Dascal, Suissa), the Division of Infectious Diseases (Dascal) and the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (Kezouh, Suissa), Sir Mortimer B. Davis–Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; the Montreal Chest Institute (Dial) and the Department of Medicine (Barkun), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; and the Divisions of Gastroenterology (Barkun) and Clinical Epidemiology (Barkun), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que.


Figure 115
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  		Figure 1: Population rates of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea among people 65 years and older who required hospital admission in Quebec. Error bars = 95% confidence intervals.

 

Figure 215
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  		Figure 2: Distribution of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea as a function of time from hospital admission in the 2 years before the index admission.

 

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  		Table 1.

 

Figure 315
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  		Figure 3: Adjusted rate ratios (RRs) of Clostridium difficile infection among patients exposed to antibiotics and gastric suppressive therapy in the 45 days before the index date compared with patients not exposed in that period. Adjustments were made for the variables in Table 1 and for the agents listed in the above figure. CI = 95% confidence interval.

 

Figure 415
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  		Figure 4: Risk of hospital admission because of Clostridium difficile infection as a function of time from most recent antibiotic prescription. Values shown are rate ratios for patients with C. difficile infection (n = 836) relative to those without C. difficile infection (n = 8360).